Susceptibility of Adult Hymenopteran Parasitoids of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Broad-Spectrum and Biorational Insecticides in a Laboratory Study

Abstract

Currently, there is an elevated interest in reducing feeding damage caused by the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), a common regeneration pest of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. The toxicity of several insecticides was tested in a laboratory against four common R. frustrana parasitoids. There were no differences in parasitoid mortality between the control and indoxacarb treatments. However, the pyrethroids, permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, caused significantly more mortality initially (up to 240 min exposure time) than other insecticides. Spinosad was less toxic than the pyrethroids initially, but the spinosad related mortality increased with time until it reached a level similar to the pyrethroids. For the most part, spinosad and the pyrethroids caused more mortality than the control and indoxacarb treatmtents within the 1-d sample period. These results may have important implications for decisions concerning which insecticides are best suited for reducing pest damage while conserving natural enemies in timber and agricultural systems. Large-scale field trials are required to further define the impacts of these insecticides on natural enemies.

Acute Toxicities and Sublethal Effects of Some Conventional Insecticides on <I>Trichogramma chilonis</I> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

“…Indoxacarb, the Þrst commercial insecticide of the pyrazoline class, has strong Þeld activity against Lepidoptera that attack vegetables, fruit tree, vines, cotton, corn, and other crops, and a key feature is its novel bioactivation: it blocks the insect voltage-gated sodium channel by the N-decarbomethoxyllated metabolite (Wing et al 1998(Wing et al , 2000Silver and Soderlund 2005). Some studies have reported that this insecticide is safe for natural enemies (Nowak et al 2001, Yu et al 2009). Many studies showed that B. thuringiensis are harmless to Trichogramma species (Antonio et al 2001, Zhu et al 2009).…”

The negative effect of some selective insecticides on the functional response of a potential biological control agent, the spider Philodromus cespitum

“…Spinosad, its active ingredient, causes paralysis by activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Tomlin 2000). It was found to be toxic to heteropterans (Studebaker and Kring 2003;Myers et al 2006), some hymenopteran parasitoids (Nowak et al 2001), staphylinid beetles, and earwigs (Cisneros et al 2002). It has, however, little negative effect on the survival or reproduction of predatory mites, Harmonia coccinellids (Musser and Shelton 2003), Deraeocoris bugs (Kim et al 2006), Picromerus bugs (Mahdian et al 2007), and braconid wasps (Vargas et al 2001).…”

Arthropod Pest Control for UK Oilseed Rape – Comparing Insecticide Efficacies, Side Effects and Alternatives

“…According to [84], pymetrozine has less of an effect than pirimicarb on aphid natural enemies. Indoxacarb has been shown to be less toxic than lambda-cyhalothrin to arthropod predators and parasitoids [85,86], but its potential hazard to honey bees could be high [87]. Relatively low side effects from pirimicarb against natural enemies have also been recorded [88].…”