Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat: Physiological and metabolic inspections

Abstract

Salinity threat is estimated to reduce global rice production by 50%. Comprehensive analysis of the physiological and metabolite changes in rice plants from salinity stress (i.e. tolerant versus susceptible plants) is important to combat higher salinity conditions. In this study, we screened a total of 92 genotypes and selected the most salinity tolerant line (SS1-14) and most susceptible line (SS2-18) to conduct comparative physiological and metabolome inspections. We demonstrated that the tolerant line managed to maintain their water and chlorophyll content with lower incidence of sodium ion accumulation. We also examined the antioxidant activities of these lines: production of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were significantly higher in the sensitive line while superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher in the tolerant line. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots show significantly different response for both lines after the exposure to salinity stress. In the tolerant line, there was an upregulation of non-polar metabolites and production of sucrose, GABA and acetic acid, suggesting an important role in salinity adaptation. In contrast, glutamine and putrescine were noticeably high in the susceptible rice. Coordination of different strategies in tolerant and susceptible lines show that they responded differently after exposure to salt stress. These findings can assist crop development in terms of developing tolerance mechanisms for rice crops.

Proteome-wide and lysine crotonylation profiling reveals the importance of crotonylation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiforum) under low-temperature

“…Under abiotic stress including low-temperature, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes will change accordingly. They can help plants clear excess ROS and increase plant resistance [60][61][62][63]. GST is also included in the antioxidant enzyme system.…”

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of dark-germinated soybeans in response to salt stress

“…2), and is similar to those of other soybeans 37 and salt-responsive species. 38,39 Similarly, the proteome results showed that the abundance of two SODs [Cu-Zn] (Q7M1R5, C6SWE8) was increased by salt treatment, implying their signicant roles in response to salt stress (ESI Table 1 †). NaCl stress signicantly enhanced the accumulation of POD (Q9XFI8) while decreasing the POD (C6TBQ4) abundance, suggesting that different POD members may have different functions in salt stress responses in soybeans, which has also been reported in radishes under salt stress.…”

Metabolomics: A Way Forward for Crop Improvement

“…These can also be used to probe the prototype of any vital gene in plants and permit a genotypic-metabolic-phenotypic level of understanding. As compared to any other living organism, a diverse range of plant metabolites have different orders of instability, size, polarity, solubility, adaptability, and volatility [15][16][17][18]. Metabolomics, metabolic, or metabolite profiling terms are alternatively used to describe three kinds of approaches, such as targeted metabolomics, semi-targeted metabolomics, and untargeted metabolomics [1,7].…”

“…Moreover, its high reproducibility makes it a powerful tool in plant metabolomics research. NMR-based metabolic profiling efficiently monitors plant responses under biotic/abiotic stresses at various developmental stages [18]. Many integrated techniques of NMR have been applied to identify the structural units of unknown metabolites.…”

“…Many advanced tools, like NMR, LC-MS, and GC-MS, are extensively employed in metabolomics studies to elucidate abiotic stress tolerance in plants [18]. GC-MC can generally be used for plant metabolic profiling under abiotic stresses.…”