Susceptibility and resistance to Echinococcus granulosus infection: Associations between mouse strains and early peritoneal immune responses

Mourglia‐Ettlin, Gustavo; Merlino, Alicia; Capurro, Rafael; Dematteis, Sylvia

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.012

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It also has been previously reported that, in terms of Trypanosoma cruzi and Echinococcus granulosus infection, BALB/c (H-2d) was verified to be a more susceptible strain than C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. Additionally, more extensive Th2 responses and more IL-4 cytokine production were examined in BALB/c mice [ 36 , 37 ]. Interestingly, FVB (H-2q) mice possess relative susceptibility to C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis

et al. 2017

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Previous studies showed that CD4+T cells responses might be involved in the process of biliary fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism resulting in biliary fibrosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis remains not yet fully elucidated. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the different profiles of hepatic CD4+T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells) and their possible roles in the biliary fibrosis of different strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice) induced by C. sinensis infection. C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice were orally gavaged with 45 metacercariae. All mice were sacrificed on 28 days post infection in deep anesthesia conditions. The leukocytes in the liver were separated to examine CD4+T cell subsets by flow cytometry and the left lobe of liver was used to observe pathological changes, collagen depositions and the concentrations of hydroxyproline. The most serious cystic and fibrotic changes appeared in FVB infected mice indicated by gross observation, Masson’s trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content detection. In contrast to C57BL/6 infected mice, diffuse nodules and more intensive fibrosis were observed in the BALB/c infected mice. No differences of the hepatic Th1 subset and Th17 subset were found among the three strains, but the hepatic Th2 and Treg cells and their relative cytokines were dramatically increased in the BALB/c and FVB infected groups compared with the C57BL/6 infected group (P<0.01). Importantly, increased Th2 subset and Treg subset all positively correlated with hydroxyproline contents (P<0.01). This result for the first time implied that the increased hepatic Th2 and Treg cell subsets were likely to play potential roles in the formation of biliary fibrosis in C. sinensis-infected mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis

et al. 2017

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“…The hydatid cyst can reach several centimeters in diameter and is characterized by mild local inflammation [2, 3]. After the hydatid cyst ruptures, the spillage of PSCs into the peritoneal cavity (PerC) generates new cysts that usually cause a secondary CE infection, which is also a life-threatening form of human CE [4]. Recent studies have shown that the intraperitoneal injection of PSCs into mice induces a significant cellular inflammatory response at the early stage that involves macrophage, eosinophil, neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration [5, 6], whereas at the cyst establishment stage, the parasite induces inflammatory cell infiltration but generally does not elicit a severe inflammatory response [2, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

et al. 2019

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BackgroundLarvae of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) dwell in host organs for a long time but elicit only a mild inflammatory response, which indicates that the resolution of host inflammation is necessary for parasite survival. The recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) has been observed in a variety of helminth infections, and emerging evidence indicates that AAMs are critical for the resolution of inflammation. However, whether AAMs can be induced by E. granulosus (s.l.) infection or thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), one of the important molecules secreted by the parasite, remains unclear.MethodsThe activation status of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) derived from mice infected with E. granulosus (sensu stricto) was analyzed by evaluating the expression of phenotypic markers. PMs were then treated in vivo and in vitro with recombinant EgTPx (rEgTPx) and its variant (rvEgTPx) in combination with parasite excretory-secretory (ES) products, and the resulting activation of the PMs was evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. The phosphorylation levels of various molecules in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway after parasite infection and antigen stimulation were also detected.ResultsThe expression of AAM-related genes in PMs was preferentially induced after E. granulosus (s.s.) infection, and phenotypic differences in cell morphology were detected between PMs isolated from E. granulosus (s.s.)-infected mice and control mice. The administration of parasite ES products or rEgTPx induced the recruitment of AAMs to the peritoneum and a notable skewing of the ratio of PM subsets, and these effects are consistent with those obtained after E. granulosus (s.s.) infection. ES products or rEgTPx also induced PMs toward an AAM phenotype in vitro. Interestingly, this immunomodulatory property of rEgTPx was dependent on its antioxidant activity. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was activated after parasite infection and antigen stimulation, and the activation of this pathway was suppressed by pre-treatment with an AKT/mTOR inhibitor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that E. granulosus (s.s.) infection and ES products, including EgTPx, can induce PM recruitment and alternative activation, at least in part, via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These results suggest that EgTPx-induced AAMs might play a key role in the resolution of inflammation and thereby favour the establishment of hydatid cysts in the host.

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“…infections in mice, PSC become surrounded by macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, with quantitative differences between mouse strains. [67][68][69][70] Individual PSC undergoing disintegration are associated with strong local infiltration, whereas surviving PSC are associated with mild inflammation that further subsides upon their transformation into LL-bearing metacestodes. 69,71 Although in none of the above cited papers a strongly eosinophil-dominated reaction is described, such a reaction at an early phase of secondary i.p.…”

Section: Ech Inococcus G R Anulosus Sensu L Atomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In secondary i.p. infections in mice, PSC become surrounded by macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, with quantitative differences between mouse strains . Individual PSC undergoing disintegration are associated with strong local infiltration, whereas surviving PSC are associated with mild inflammation that further subsides upon their transformation into LL‐bearing metacestodes .…”

Section: Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Latomentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections

Díaz

Sagasti

Casaravilla

2018

Parasite Immunology

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Granulomas are responses to persistent nonliving bodies or pathogens, centrally featuring specialized macrophage forms called epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells. The larval stages of the cestode parasites of the Taeniidae family (Taenia, Echinococcus) develop for years in fixed tissue sites in mammals. In consequence, they are targets of granulomatous responses. The information on tissue responses to larval taeniids is fragmented among host and parasite species and scattered over many decades. We attempt to draw an integrated picture of these responses in solid tissues. The intensity of inflammation around live parasites spans a spectrum from minimal to high, parasite vitality correlating with low inflammation. The low end of the inflammatory spectrum features collagen capsules proximal to the parasites and moderate distal infiltration. The middle of the spectrum is dominated by classical granulomatous responses, whereas the high end features massive eosinophil invasions. Across the range of parasite species, much observational evidence suggests that eosinophils are highly effective at killing larval taeniids in solid tissues, before and during chronic granulomatous responses. The evidence available also suggests that these parasites are adapted to inhibit host granulomatous responses, in part through the exacerbation of host regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells and TGF-β.

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Susceptibility and resistance to Echinococcus granulosus infection: Associations between mouse strains and early peritoneal immune responses

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis

Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis

Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections

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