Survivorship and Distribution of ImmatureAnopheles gambiaes.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Banambani Village, Mali

Hydrological and geomorphological controls of malaria transmission

“…Suspended soil particles increase the maximum water temperature at the air-water interface which may reach the larval thermal death point in some areas (Paaijmans et al, 2008). Negative associations between larval abundance and water bodies with high turbidity, conductivity and total dissolved solids have Maharaj (1995) and Martens (1998). been observed in some studies (Edillo et al, 2004;Sattler et al, 2005) while others report no relationship or even a positive relationship . Ye-Ebiyo et al (2003) found that Anopheles arabiensis larvae could only develop in turbid waters where maize pollen was also abundant.…”

“…Despite the presence of multiple alternative sources of surface water, van der Hoek et al (2003) found that malaria risk was elevated within a zone up to 750 m from the river. Proximity to rivers has also been associated with either mosquito abundance or malaria cases in Belize (Hakre et al, 2004), Brazil (Olson et al, 2009), Kenya (Edillo et al, 2004;Mutuku et al, 2006;Zhou et al, 2007), Malaysia (Ahmad et al, 2011), Tanzania (Oesterholt et al, 2006), Thailand (Sithiprasasna et al, 2005), Mauritius (Jepson et al, 1947) and to canals in Peru (Guthmann et al, 2001). The majority of these studies highlight the importance of pool formation at low flow conditions for breeding habitat, though precise river stage information is not always presented.…”

“…Edillo et al, 2004;Sattler et al, 2005;Mutuku et al, 2006;Ageep et al, 2009;Ahmad et al, 2011;Ndenga et al, 2011), the above classification takes a broader perspective, integrating observations across a range of hydrological regimes. The scheme separates water bodies formed by disparate processes; an important distinction since each water body type has a unique spatial distribution and exhibits different responses to rainfall, with consequent implications for the prediction of malaria transmission hazard.…”

Spatiotemporal dynamics of immature culicines (subfamily Culicinae) and their larval habitats in Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya

“…Therefore, Karima had less diverse but long-lived habitat types than the other study sites explaining why this site had significantly higher counts of early instars. The contribution of a particular larval habitat to adult mosquitoes is dependent on quality and amount of food available, competition, predation, and the ability of immature to tolerate and develop after the eggs are laid (Edillo et al 2004). Because of one or several of these factors, it is evident that the majority of early instars in Karima did not develop into late instars, which explains why the density of late instars and pupae in this study site was similar to those of the other study sites despite that the density of early instars were higher than the other study sites.…”

Diverse population dynamics of three Anopheles species belonging to the Triannulatus Complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Closely related members of anopheline species complexes have been shown to exploit different environments and to exhibit distinct ecological attributes such as preference for fresh versus brackish water, especially when in sympatry (Coluzzi et al 1979, Edillo et al 2004. Therefore, although niche partitioning by members of species complexes is expected, it is thought that gravid females would preferentially select oviposition sites depending on species (Edillo et al 2006).…”