Survival through alliance: the establishment of the Ibadiyya

Savage, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/13530199008705502

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This amir, YazTd b. Hatim, of the celebrated Muhallabid family, came to a lasting understanding with the IbadT imam 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam within two years of coming to office in 763. As I have shown elsewhere, 80 there had been an association in Basra between the Ibadiyya and the Muhallabids that went back to the Umayyad Caliphate of 'Abd al-Malik at the end of the seventh century. It is no doubt significant for this alliance that both the Ibadiyya and Muhallabids had been extensively involved in trade.…”

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confidence: 81%

Berbers and Blacks: Ibāḍī Slave Traffic in Eighth-Century North Africa

Savage

1992

J. Afr. Hist.

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The aim of this article is to illustrate the process whereby certain Berber tribes during the eighth century A.D. substituted slaves from the Bilād al-Sūdān for Berber slaves from North Africa. From the outset, this conversion was influenced strongly, if not instigated, by Ibāḍī merchants until the slave trade became a predominantly Ibāḍī monopoly from the mid-eighth century onwards. The slave trade along the central Sudan route in particular provided the increase in the community's wealth and security, as well as the means for its establishment and expansion as a Muslim sect among diverse Berber tribes and, finally, as the origins for the subsequent, far-flung network of trans-Saharan trade.

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confidence: 81%

Berbers and Blacks: Ibāḍī Slave Traffic in Eighth-Century North Africa

Savage

1992

J. Afr. Hist.

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“…It was during this period that Ibadi imams cooperated with the Muhallabid governors who acted on behalf of the central c Abbāsid authority. 80 This period marked a significant rise in the North African production of. dirhams.…”

Section: As a Distinct Self-conscious Ibādi Community Individual Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ibādi‐Jewish parallels in early medieval North Africa

Savage

1992

Al-Masāq

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Ibadi Muslims of North Africa

Love

2018

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When the eleventh-century Ibadi Muslim scholar Abu al-Rabiʿ Sulayman b. Yakhlaf al-Mazati was asked by his student whether he should consult a book of legal opinions attributed to older generations of scholars, he responded: "Of course! How have we associated with so many of those pious scholars who came before us if not through books?" 1 Both the question and its answer reveal the growing power of manuscript books in Northern Africa by the beginning of the Middle Period (eleventh-sixteenth centuries) to bring together scholars of different times and places, incorporating them into the same community. For a religious minority like Ibadi Muslims in the late medieval Maghrib, books complemented the webs of personal relationships connecting students and teachers. Ibadis, a Muslim minority community following neither the Sunni nor the Shiʿi traditions of Islam, lived throughout the earlier medieval centuries (the eighth-tenth centuries) in towns and villages across the southern Maghrib stretching from Sijilmasa in what is today southern Morocco to the mountains of the Jebel Nafusa in what is today northwestern Libya. In the early medieval period their communities had flourished, especially through their participation in Saharan trade. But by the eleventh century Ibadis had begun their steady numerical decline in the region. Their numbers dwindled as Arabic-speaking Sunni communities spread into regions where Berber-speaking Ibadis had previously made up the majority. Ibadi scholars responded to this existential threat through literal and literary mobilization. Itinerant students and scholars traveled widely and met together in small study circles, drawing personal and intellectual connections among different centers of learning in Northern Africa. A longstanding tradition of Saharan trade facilitated travel, and its routes provided the terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

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Survival through alliance: the establishment of the Ibadiyya

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Berbers and Blacks: Ibāḍī Slave Traffic in Eighth-Century North Africa

Berbers and Blacks: Ibāḍī Slave Traffic in Eighth-Century North Africa

Ibādi‐Jewish parallels in early medieval North Africa

Ibadi Muslims of North Africa

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