Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Low-Birth-Weight Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2020

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight neonates are subjected to different comorbidities due to anatomical and physiological immaturity. Globally, 60-80% of neonatal mortality was due to low birth weight. Hence, this study aimed to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates. Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cohort study design was conducted among 718 low birth weight neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2017, to December 30, 2019, at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed with STATA version 14. Kaplan-Meier curves together with a Log rank test were used to estimate the survival time and showed the presence of differences among groups. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio at the 5% level of significance to determine the net effect of each explanatory variable on survival status. Results: The overall incidence density was 35.3 per 1000 person-day observations (CI: 30.8 −40.6) with 5715 follow-up days. Deliveries outside the health institution [AHR; 2.31 (95% CI: 1.20-4.42)], maternal age <18 years [AHR; 3.08 (95% CI: 1.64-5.81)] and maternal age >35 years [AHR; 3.83 (95% CI: 2.00-7.31)], neonatal sepsis [AHR; 2.33 (95% CI: 1.38-3.94)], neonatal respiratory distress syndrome [AHR; 1.92 (95% CI: 1.27-2.89)], necrotizing enterocolitis [AHR; 3.09 (95% CI: 1.69-5.64)] and birth weight <1000 gm [AHR; 3.61 (95% CI: 1.73-7.55)] were found to be significant predictors. Conclusion:This study showed that two of the seven low birth weight neonates died during the follow-up period. Therefore, it is better for health care providers and other stakeholders to focus more on early diagnosis and management of low birth weight neonates with sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and counseling mothers on the risk of having a child in early and old age.

Analysis of Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Afar and Somalia Regions, Ethiopia

“…Neonates with small size at birth were more likely to die than neonates with large size at birth. This is consistent with studies [25,28,29]. Multiple births were more likely to die in the first month of birth than singletons.…”

“…Neonates born at health facilities were less likely to die than neonates born at home. This is consistent with the studies [25,29,30]. This could be due to that mothers who give birth at health facilities may be given health information regarding the care of the child.…”

Determinants for perinatal adverse outcomes among pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane: A prospective cohort study

“…On the other hand, like the previous study ( 33 ), low birth weight was also one of the determinant factors for NICU admission in our study. Other studies also indicated that low birth weight was associated with low Apgar scores and neonatal deaths ( 34 , 35 ). These findings revealed that prematurity and low birth weight are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.…”

Outcome of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm, Low Birth Weight Neonates; A Randomized Control Trial

“…Neonates having low birth weight are at a higher risk of facing death because of underdeveloped organs, life sustaining systems, and also because of their inability to physically react against the external environment in which they are placed. 12 Problems linked with LBW i.e. mortality in infants are of serious nature.…”