Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the feed industry

Vestby, Lene K.; Møretrø, Trond; Ballance, Simon; Langsrud, Solveig; Nesse, Live L.

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-5-43

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Most S. enterica wild-type strains display curli fimbriae in the matrix, but the percentage of strains with cellulose varies from 40 to 100, depending on the serovar and the source of isolation (31,32). Variations between E. coli strains have also been observed (unpublished results).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In all, six S. enterica and four E. coli wildtype strains, as well as two S. enterica ⌬rpoS mutants, were included ( Table 1). The strains displayed variations in the composition of the biofilm matrix, visualized as different morphotypes on Congo red or Coomassie brilliant blue agar, as described previously (31). The morphotypes were categorized as follows: (i) rdar (red, dry, and rough), indicating matrix with curli fimbriae and cellulose; (ii) bdar (brown, dry, and rough), indicating biofilm matrix with curli fimbriae and without cellulose; and (iii) saw (smooth and white), indicating no biofilm formation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations between E. coli strains have also been observed (unpublished results). The presence of cellulose has a major effect on the biofilm structure (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Norspermidine and Spermidine on Biofilm Formation by Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Wild-Type Strains

Nesse

Berg

Vestby

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Polyamines are present in all living cells. In bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including biofilm formation, thus indicating that polyamines may have potential in the control of unwanted biofilm. In the present study, the effects of the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine on biofilms of 10 potentially pathogenic wild-type strains of Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and S. enterica serovar Agona were investigated. We found that exogenously supplied norspermidine and spermidine did not mediate disassembly of preformed biofilm of any of the E. coli and S. enterica strains. However, the polyamines did affect biofilm production. Interestingly, the two species reacted differently to the polyamines. Both polyamines reduced the amount of biofilm formed by E. coli but tended to increase biofilm formation by S. enterica. Whether the effects observed were due to the polyamines specifically targeting biofilm formation, being toxic for the cells, or maybe a combination of the two, is not known. However, there were no indications that the effect was mediated through binding to exopolysaccharides, as earlier suggested for E. coli. Our results indicate that norspermidine and spermidine do not have potential as inhibitors of S. enterica biofilm. Furthermore, we found that the commercial polyamines used contributed to the higher pH of the test medium. Failure to acknowledge and control this important phenomenon may lead to misinterpretation of the results.T he ability to form complex multicellular communities such as biofilms has been linked to persistence and survival of pathogens in food and feed processing environments (1-3). Due to the increased biocide tolerance of bacteria in biofilms, finding molecules that can control biofilm attracts considerable interest (4). Recent publications have indicated that certain polyamines may possess such properties.Polyamines are small aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules with quaternary nitrogen groups that have a net positive charge at physiological pH. They are present in all living cells. In bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including intercellular signaling, stress resistance, and RNA and protein synthesis, as well as motility and virulence (5-13). Some polyamines have also been shown to play an essential role in biofilm formation, i.e., putrescine in Yersinia pestis (14) and Escherichia coli (15), spermidine in Bacillus subtilis (16), and norspermidine in Vibrio cholerae (17). Burell et al. suggested that a role in biofilm formation may be an ancient physiological function of polyamines in bacteria (16).In addition to de novo polyamine synthesis systems, bacteria have transport systems that allow uptake of extracellular polyamines. Interestingly, exogenous spermidine has been reported to inhibit biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae (18) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (19). Kolkodin-Gal et al. reported that Bacillus subtilis produced biofilm disassembly factors, one of which was ...

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confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Norspermidine and Spermidine on Biofilm Formation by Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Wild-Type Strains

Nesse

Berg

Vestby

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Prouty & Gunn (2003) identified its crucial importance for biofilm formation on glass coverslips. However, cellulose was not a major constituent of the biofilm matrix of S. Agona and S. Typhimurium strains isolated from the feed industry, but it contributed to the highly organized matrix structurization (Vestby et al, 2009a). Malcova et al (2008) found that cellulose was not crucial for S. Enteritidis adherence and biofilm formation on polystyrene.…”

Section: Molecular Components Of Salmonella Biofilms Formed On Abiotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Salmonella in Food Processing Environments

Giaouris¹,

Chorianopoulos²,

Skandamis³

et al. 2012

Salmonella - A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen

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“…Another important structure was recently found in Salmonella Enteritidis strains -the surface protein Bap A (biofilmassociated protein) (Latasa et al, 2005). Besides the celulose, an important polysaccharide component is also the colanic acid, and in some serotypes of Salmonella unknown polysaccharides have been found (Vestby et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RDAR morphotype: A resting stage of some Enteroba cteriaceae

Milanov¹,

Prunić²,

Velhner³

et al. 2015

Food & Feed Res

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Bacteria of the genus Salmonella, some Escherichia coli strains as well as other species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, manifest the ability to express a specific phenotype, which is commonly termed as the "rdar" (red, dry and rough) morphotype. Both rdar and non-rdar phenotypes are commonly found in the nature; however, rdar is of essential importance for bacterial survival in the environment, outside of the host organisms. In that respect, it is comparable with the process of spore formation in Gram-positive bacteria. In laboratory conditions, rdar morphotype demonstrates growth of aforementioned organisms on agar containing diazo dye Congo Red, appearing as dark red (violet), rough and irregularly margined colonies. A coordinated expression of the number of genes mediated by major transcriptional regulators CsgD (curli subunit gene D) is the prerequisite for the formation of rdar morphotype colonies. The key point in this process is the activation of csgBAC operon transcription, which encodes the synthesis of curli fimbriae and activates the AgfD regulated gene (AdrA) involved in the cellulose biosynthesis. Curli fimbriae and cellulose are two basic structural components of the rdar morphotype. Curli fimbriae enable initial surface adhesion and intercellular aggregation of bacteria, whilst the cellulose (and other exopolysaccharides) promotes intercellular interactions. CsgD affects the overall cell physiology towards a "bacterial multicellular behavior" pattern, such as biofilm formation. The colony growth on Congo Red agar is a widely accepted laboratory method used for bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae and highly conserved between Salmonella. However, repeated laboratory subpassaging results in the substantial loss of rdar morphotype and the formation of smooth mutants, suggests the necessity for using wild isolates. In this article, the characteristics of rdar and non-rdar morphotypes of diverse Salmonella serotypes isolated from animal feed, as well as Escherichia coli isolates originating from cows milk with clinical mastitis, were presented. The research indicates substantial importance of the rdar phenotype for the persistence of Salmonella in the environment and its entering the food chain as well as the potential role of rdar phenotype of Escherichia coli in the pathogenesis of recurrent coli mastitis in dairy cows.

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Survival potential of wild type cellulose deficient Salmonella from the feed industry

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Norspermidine and Spermidine on Biofilm Formation by Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Wild-Type Strains

Effects of Norspermidine and Spermidine on Biofilm Formation by Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Wild-Type Strains

Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Salmonella in Food Processing Environments

RDAR morphotype: A resting stage of some Enteroba cteriaceae

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