Survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts

Perez, Kimberly; Patel, Robin

doi:10.1128/iai.00237-18

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Since then, SCVs were found in a wide range of bacterial species such as S. aureus [181] and CoNS species and are generally correlated to biomaterial-associated infections [180,182]. Several aspects of the pathogenic potential of SCVs have been described, mainly their enhanced biofilm-forming ability [183], evasion from the immune system response [184], and their resistance against antimicrobial agents [185,186]. Interestingly, Onyango et al revealed that S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis were capable of developing SCVs pheno-types following the exposure to a wide range of environmental stress conditions, such as pH alterations (pH5), osmotic stress (0-20% NaCl), low temperature (4 • C), and to the presence of antimicrobial agents (vancomycin and penicillin G) [187].…”

Section: Bacterial Cells Dormant Phenotypes: a Tolerance Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

et al. 2021

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors identified in those strains. In this regard, biofilm formation is considered the most important. Besides virulence factors, the presence of several antibiotic-resistance genes identified in CoNS is worrisome and makes treatment very challenging. In this review, we analyzed the different aspects involved in CoNS virulence and their impact on health and food.

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Section: Bacterial Cells Dormant Phenotypes: a Tolerance Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

et al. 2021

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“…Internalization of S. epidermidis in osteoblasts is more controversial. In in vitro models, two papers reported an almost total lack of internalization (Valour et al, 2013; Campoccia et al, 2016), whereas a recent paper by Perez and Patel reported the ability of two clinical strains of S. epidermidis to penetrate osteoblasts (Perez and Patel, 2018). However, the level of internalization is similar in the three papers (around 100 intracellular staphylococci per 100,000 osteoblasts).…”

Section: Staphylococcal Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Staphylococcal Biofilm and Bone: How Does the Presence of Biofilm Promote Prosthesis Loosening?

et al. 2019

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With the aging of population, the number of indications for total joint replacement is continuously increasing. However, prosthesis loosening can happen and is related to two major mechanisms: (1) aseptic loosening due to prosthesis micromotion and/or corrosion and release of wear particles from the different components of the implanted material and (2) septic loosening due to chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The “aseptic” character of prosthesis loosening has been challenged over the years, especially considering that bacteria can persist in biofilms and be overlooked during diagnosis. Histological studies on periprosthetic tissue samples reported that macrophages are the principle cells associated with aseptic loosening due to wear debris. They produce cytokines and favor an inflammatory environment that induces formation and activation of osteoclasts, leading to bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. In PJIs, the presence of infiltrates of polymorphonuclear neutrophils is a major criterion for histological diagnosis. Neutrophils are colocalized with osteoclasts and zones of osteolysis. A similar inflammatory environment also develops, leading to bone resorption through osteoclasts. Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are the main staphylococci observed in PJIs. They share the common feature to form biofilm. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis , the interaction between biofilm and immunes cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) differs regarding the species. Indeed, the composition of extracellular matrix of biofilm seems to impact the interaction with immune cells. Recent papers also reported the major role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in biofilm-associated PJIs with S. aureus . These cells prevent lymphocyte infiltration and facilitate biofilm persistence. Moreover, the role of T lymphocytes is still unclear and potentially underestimates. In this review, after introducing the cellular mechanism of aseptic and septic loosening, we will focus on the interrelationships between staphylococcal biofilm, immune cells, and bone cells.

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“…In another study, mice vaccinated with a recombinant form of the adhesin showed significant reduction in the sepsis-associated mortality rate (13% vs 87% in non-vaccinated group) [ 56 ]. Similarly, guniea pigs infected with mutant S. aureus strain i.e defective in expression of fibronectin-binding protein showed three times less adherence to miniplates implanted in than normal wild type strains [ 57 ] stressing on the critical role that fibronectin-binding proteins (FbpA and FbpB) play in pathological course of SA. Once adhered, the bacteria multiply using the synovial milieu as an ideal culture medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once adhered, the bacteria multiply using the synovial milieu as an ideal culture medium. Recent evidence have suggested the existence of biofilm-like clumps or agglomerates for S. aureus and MRSA strains in the synovial fluid of patient suffering from chronic joint infections and septic arthritis [ 57 – 59 ]. Pestrak et al [ 60 ] highlighted on the role of host factors such as fibrinogen and fibronectin in the formation of such biofilm-like aggregates within the joint fluid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel therapeutic interventions towards improved management of septic arthritis

Wang

2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Septic arthritis (SA) represents a medical emergency that needs immediate diagnosis and urgent treatment. Despite aggressive treatment and rapid diagnosis of the causative agent, the mortality and lifelong disability, associated with septic arthritis remain high as close to 11%. Moreover, with the rise in drug resistance, the rates of failure of conventional antibiotic therapy have also increased. Among the etiological agents frequently isolated from cases of septic arthritis, Staphylococcus aureus emerges as a dominating pathogen, and to worsen, the rise in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates in bone and joint infections is worrisome. MRSA associated cases of septic arthritis exhibit higher mortality, longer hospital stay, and higher treatment failure with poorer clinical outcomes as compared to cases caused by the sensitive strain i.e methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA).In addition to this, equal or even greater damage is imposed by the exacerbated immune response mounted by the patient’s body in a futile attempt to eradicate the bacteria. The antibiotic therapy may not be sufficient enough to control the progression of damage to the joint involved thus, adding to higher mortality and disability rates despite the prompt and timely start of treatment. This situation implies that efforts and focus towards studying/understanding new strategies for improved management of sepsis arthritis is prudent and worth exploring.The review article aims to give a complete insight into the new therapeutic approaches studied by workers lately in this field. To the best of our knowledge studies highlighting the novel therapeutic strategies against septic arthritis are limited in the literature, although articles on pathogenic mechanism and choice of antibiotics for therapy, current treatment algorithms followed have been discussed by workers in the past. The present study presents and discusses the new alternative approaches, their mechanism of action, proof of concept, and work done so far towards their clinical success. This will surely help to enlighten the researchers with comprehensive knowledge of the new interventions that can be used as an adjunct therapy along with conventional treatment protocol for improved success rates.

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Survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts

Cited by 29 publications

References 86 publications

Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Interaction Between Staphylococcal Biofilm and Bone: How Does the Presence of Biofilm Promote Prosthesis Loosening?

Novel therapeutic interventions towards improved management of septic arthritis

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