Survival of Some Pathogenic and Facultative Pathogenic Bacteria in Groundwater

Filip, Z.; Kaddu-Mulindwa, Deogratias H; Milde, G.

doi:10.2166/wst.1988.0105

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that pathogens that are present at low levels in this water multiply when they are exposed to favorable environmental conditions or available nutrients. In fact, it has been shown that the levels of members of several genera of pathogenic bacteria decrease only slightly during 100 days in groundwater alone (7), and several studies have shown that sediments serve as reservoirs for fecal pathogens (2,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices

Gagliardi

Karns

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

272

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Application of animal manures to soil as crop fertilizers is an important means for recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus which the manures contain. Animal manures also contain bacteria, including many types of pathogens. Manure pathogen levels depend on the source animal, the animal's state of health, and how the manure was stored or treated before use. Rainfall may result in pathogen spread into soil by runoff from stored or unincorporated manure or by leaching through the soil profile. Steady rainfall consisting of 16.5 mm h ؊1 was applied to 100-mm disturbed soil cores that were treated with manure and inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain B6914. The level of B6914 in leachate was near the inoculum level each hour for 8 h, as was the level of B6914 at several soil depths after 24 h, indicating that there was a high rate of growth. Bacterial movement through three different types of soil was then compared by using disturbed (tilled) and intact (no-till) soil cores and less intense rainfall consisting of 25.4 mm on 4 consecutive days and then four more times over a 17-day period. Total B6914 levels exceeded the inoculum levels for all treatments except intact clay loam cores. B6914 levels in daily leachate samples decreased sharply with time, although the levels were more constant when intact sandy loam cores were used. The presence of manure often increased total B6914 leachate and soil levels in intact cores but had the opposite effect on disturbed soil cores. Ammonia and nitrate levels correlated with B6914 and total coliform levels in leachate. We concluded that tillage practice, soil type, and method of pathogen delivery affect but do not prevent vertical E. coli O157:H7 and coliform transport in soil and that soluble nitrogen may enhance transport.

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confidence: 99%

Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices

Gagliardi

Karns

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

272

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“…Both temperature and water content could influence E. coli die-off in deer pellets. The effect of temperature on bacterial survival is well studied, and it is known that E. coli die-off typically occurs faster at high temperatures (31,32,50,55,65,66). The effect of water content is less well understood, and as of now, there is no general agreement on its effect on microbial inactivation rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shorter survival of enteric bacteria was reported in acid soils (28,29). An increase in temperature was shown to increase growth rates of E. coli in river water (30) but reduce survival duration (31,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli Survival in, and Release from, White-Tailed Deer Feces

Guber

Fry

Ives

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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White-tailed deer are an important reservoir for pathogens that can contribute a large portion of microbial pollution in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes. The scarcity of experimental data on survival of microorganisms in and release from deer feces makes prediction of their fate and transport less reliable and development of efficient strategies for environment protection more difficult. The goal of this study was to estimate parameters for modeling Escherichia coli survival in and release from deer (Odocoileus virginianus) feces. Our objectives were as follows: (i) to measure survival of E. coli in deer pellets at different temperatures, (ii) to measure kinetics of E. coli release from deer pellets at different rainfall intensities, and (iii) to estimate parameters of models describing survival and release of microorganisms from deer feces. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study E. coli survival in deer pellets at three temperatures and to estimate parameters of Chick's exponential model with temperature correction based on the Arrhenius equation. Kinetics of E. coli release from deer pellets were measured at two rainfall intensities and used to derive the parameters of Bradford-Schijven model of bacterial release. The results showed that parameters of the survival and release models obtained for E. coli in this study substantially differed from those obtained by using other source materials, e.g., feces of domestic animals and manures. This emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive studies of survival of naturally occurring populations of microorganisms in and release from wildlife animal feces in order to achieve better predictions of microbial fate and transport in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes.F ecal bacteria are a leading cause of water body impairment in the United States (1), and Escherichia coli is currently used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an indicator organism for fecal contamination and bacterial impairment for watersheds. Currently, there are 3,451 impaired water bodies in the United States, based on E. coli monitoring (1). It has been recognized that livestock and wastewater are major sources of fecal contamination in watersheds (2-4), while cattle are commonly considered a principal reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 (5-7). However, in fragmented agricultural and forest landscapes, wildlife can contribute a large portion of the fecal pollution (8-11), also serving as a reservoir for pathogens. E. coli O157:H7 was found in feral swine in Sweden (12) and in California, USA (13-15); E. coli O157:H7 were also isolated from feces of white-tailed deer cograzing with cattle (16-18). Black-tailed deer were identified as a source of E. coli O157:H7 strawberry-transmitted infection in Oregon, which caused 15 illness cases, including two deaths (19). Seventy people were reported to be infected by E. coli O157:H7 after consumption of unpasteurized apple juice in the western United States and British Columbia, Canada, in October 1996. This outbreak of E. coli...

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“…523 524 Survival of several pathogenic and indicator/facultative pathogenic bacteria in a 525 single ground water source from Germany was evaluated by Filip, et al (1988). The ground 526 water source was well-characterized in terms of ionic and other chemical constituents; 527 notably, pH was 7.3 and TDS were 486 mg/L as determined by evaporation.…”

Section: Studies On Viruses and Bacteria 293mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Factors Affecting Microbial Survival in Groundwater

John

Rose

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

282

208

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This review quantitatively examines a number of published studies that evaluated survival and inactivation of public-health-related microorganisms in groundwater. Information from reviewed literature is used to express microbial inactivation in terms of log10 decline per day for comparison to other studies and organisms. The geometric mean value for inactivation rates for coliphage, poliovirus, echovirus, coliform bacteria, enterococci, and Salmonella spp. were similar at approximately 0.07−0.1 log10 day-1, while geometric mean inactivation rates for hepatitis A virus, coxsackievirus, and phage PRD-1 were somewhat less at 0.02−0.04 log10 day-1. Viruses show a temperature dependency with greater inactivation at greater temperatures; however this occurs largely at temperatures greater than 20 °C. Coliform bacteria dieoff in groundwater does not show the temperature dependency that viruses show, likely indicating a complex interplay of inactivation and reproduction subject to influences from native groundwater organisms, temperature, and water chemistry. The presence of native microorganisms seems to negatively impact E. coli survival more so than viruses, but in most cases, nonsterile conditions led to a greater inactivation for viruses also. The effect of attachment to solid surfaces appears to be virus-type-dependent, with PRD-1 more rapidly inactivated as a result of attachment and hepatitis A and poliovirus survival prolonged when attached.

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Survival of Some Pathogenic and Facultative Pathogenic Bacteria in Groundwater

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices

Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices

Escherichia coli Survival in, and Release from, White-Tailed Deer Feces

Review of Factors Affecting Microbial Survival in Groundwater

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