SURVIVAL OF Listeria monocytogenes IN SOIL AND WATER

Botzler, Richard G.; Cowan, A. B.; Wetzler, T. F.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.204

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…While original hypotheses speculated that soil could serve as a natural reservoir for Listeria spp., more recent data suggest occurrence of this bacterium in the natural environment is most likely due to contamination from other sources such as sewage, animal feces, and decaying plant material (Welshimer 1960;Botzler et al 1974;Fenlon and Shepherd 2000). Fenlon (1986) could not detect L. monocytogenes in soil associated with vegetable crops, but did isolate this bacterium from soils associated with silage-fed animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors affecting survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in soil samples

et al. 2011

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We investigated the ability of several strains of L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua strains to survive in local soil samples in vitro. Survival of three L. monocytogenes strains, EGDe, CD83, and CD1038, and three L. innocua strains, CLIP, FH2117, FH2152, was monitored in soil samples by direct enumeration of colony-forming units on selective agar. The study did not demonstrate any species-specific difference in soil survival, and all Listeria strains exhibited a marked decline in numbers over time. Bioluminescence imaging approaches to detect lux-tagged strains in soil proved largely ineffective, most likely due to the reduced metabolic activity of strains in this environment. We investigated the influence of specific factors including the presence of a background microbiota, growth temperature, moisture and strain motility upon persistence in this environment. A sequenced L. monocytogenes strain, EGDe, was capable of active growth in sterile soil yet exhibited a decline in the presence of the normal soil microbiota. Furthermore, greater survival was seen at lower incubation temperatures in normal soil. Finally, we demonstrated a direct correlation between motility and survival of L. monocytogenes in soil with highly motile L. monocytogenes strains exhibiting greater soil survival than non-motile mutants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors affecting survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in soil samples

et al. 2011

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“…Welshimer conducted a study on the survival of L. monocytogenes and concluded that L. monocytogenes could survive for at least 295 days in certain types of soil under defined conditions (Welshimer 1960). Another study (Botzler et al 1974) also showed that L. monocytogenes was able to survive, and in some instances, multiply, in nonsterilized (i.e., natural) and sterilized soil and water at ambient winter temperatures ranging from −15 to +18 C. In this study, sterile and natural soil both supported L. monocytogenes survival and growth. For example, L. monocytogenes inoculated into a sterile soil suspension at approximately 10 5 CFU ml −1 increased up to 2 14 × 10 7 CFU ml −1 over a 154-day period.…”

Section: Listeria Monocytogenes Growth and Survival In Natural And Otmentioning

confidence: 56%

Environmental Reservoir and Transmission into the Mammalian Host

Oliver

Boor

2007

Listeria Monocytogenes: Pathogenesis and Host Response

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Abstract:The widespread presence of Listeria monocytogenes in various diverse environments, including those that are natural (i.e., nonagricultural), agricultural, and food-associated, suggests that these environments may serve as sources or reservoirs of L. monocytogenes that can be transmitted to various hosts, including humans. As the vast majority of human listeriosis infections are recognized to occur through consumption of contaminated foods, and as animal listeriosis infections also appear to be predominantly feed-borne, development of effective intervention strategies for reducing the incidence of listeriosis among susceptible human and animal populations requires elucidation of specific routes of L. monocytogenes transmission among different ecosystems and compartments within food and feed production systems. Current knowledge of L. monocytogenes ecology

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“…In Maryland, January 2014 (year 1) and February 2015 (year 2) were the 12th (48) and 6th (49) coldest on record, respectively. Previous research has shown that L. monocytogenes survives better at 5°C than at 15 to 20°C (50,51), and it is able to survive in soil for extended periods at low temperatures (52,53). The persistence of pathogenic Listeria spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cover Crop Species and Season on Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in Soil

Reed-Jones

Marine

Everts

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dCover crops provide several ecosystem services, but their impact on enteric bacterial survival remains unexplored. The influence of cover cropping on foodborne pathogen indicator bacteria was assessed in five cover crop/green manure systems: cereal rye, hairy vetch, crimson clover, hairy vetch-rye and crimson clover-rye mixtures, and bare ground. Cover crop plots were inoculated with Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in the fall of 2013 and 2014 and tilled into the soil in the spring to form green manure. Soil samples were collected and the bacteria enumerated. Time was a factor for all bacterial populations studied in all fields (P < 0.001). E. coli levels declined when soil temperatures dipped to <5°C and were detected only sporadically the following spring. L. innocua diminished somewhat but persisted, independently of season. In an organic field, the cover crop was a factor for E. coli in year 1 (P ‫؍‬ 0.004) and for L. innocua in year 2 (P ‫؍‬ 0.011). In year 1, E. coli levels were highest in the rye and hairy vetch-rye plots. In year 2, L. innocua levels were higher in hairy vetch-rye (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) and hairy vetch (P ‫؍‬ 0.03) plots than in the rye plot. Bacterial populations grew (P < 0.05) or remained the same 4 weeks after green manure incorporation, although initial reductions in L. innocua numbers were observed after tilling (P < 0.05). Green manure type was a factor only for L. innocua abundance in a transitional field (P < 0.05). Overall, the impacts of cover crops/green manures on bacterial population dynamics in soil varied, being influenced by bacterial species, time from inoculation, soil temperature, rainfall, and tillage; this reveals the need for long-term studies. In agricultural environments, soil can serve as a reservoir and route of transmission for foodborne pathogens (1). Since fresh produce is often consumed raw without a "kill step" to inactivate human-pathogenic microorganisms, it is important to prevent the contamination of these foods during production (2). Growers may implement good agricultural practices (GAPs) to minimize the risk of produce contamination at the preharvest level (3), as this program focuses on on-farm risk factors, including animalbased fertilizers, irrigation water quality, farm worker training and hygiene, and wildlife exclusion. Outbreaks and contamination events, however, continue to occur, emphasizing the need to evaluate the role of other agricultural practices, which thus far have received less attention, on enteric pathogen dynamics on a farm.One such practice is cover cropping, the establishment of a crop, typically a small grain or legume, in between cultivations of a cash crop. In recent years, economic and environmental considerations have renewed interest in this old practice for improving crop productivity and soil health and maintaining the sustainability of agroecosystems (4). Cover cropping brings a variety of ecosystem services to agricultural systems, including seasonal protection of soil from erosion, weed suppression, soil improvement, a...

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SURVIVAL OF Listeria monocytogenes IN SOIL AND WATER

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Factors affecting survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in soil samples

Factors affecting survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in soil samples

Environmental Reservoir and Transmission into the Mammalian Host

Effects of Cover Crop Species and Season on Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in Soil

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