Survival of immersions during recreational boating events in Alaska, 1999–2004

Hudson, Diana Stark; Ekman, Robert; Svanström, Leif

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.10.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The use and wear of lifejackets was one of the most commonly proposed strategies, also recommended by the WHO,4 with 29 individual strategies mentioning lifejackets at phase 1. For the 14% of boating and watercraft-related river drowning deaths in Australia, evidence supports wearing lifejackets31 32 and have also been found to be effective for those recreating in water 33. However, in order to be effective, a supportive environment must exist whereby policy (and enforcement)15 34 provides a mechanism for increasing the carriage and wear of lifejackets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing drowning prevention strategies for rivers through the use of a modified Delphi process

Peden¹,

Franklin

Leggat

2019

Inj Prev

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IntroductionInternationally, rivers are a leading drowning location, yet little evidence exists evaluating river drowning prevention strategies. This study aims to use expert opinion to identify strategies more likely to be effective.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi process, a virtual panel of 30 experts from 12 countries considered, grouped and prioritised strategies for river drowning prevention. Proposed strategies were assessed against known evidence and suitability in high-income countries (HICs) as well as low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using expert opinion. The final phase consolidated a list of strategies whose effectiveness was assessed against 10 evidence-based river drowning scenarios.ResultsAn initial list of 424 prevention strategies was refined to 22. After being assessed against the 10 scenarios, a final list of 13 strategies was derived. Strategies addressed alcohol consumption around rivers, flood mitigation, improving child supervision, learning to swim, increased lifejacket wear and achieving community-wide resuscitation skills.DiscussionWhile all 13 strategies were assessed as being effective in both LMICs and HICs by at least 60% of the respondents, further work is required to define river drowning at a country level and therefore allow for effective solutions to be developed, particularly in LMICs. No strategy will be effective in isolation and must be implemented alongside policy and behaviour change, public awareness and education. Evaluation should be incorporated as part of any future implementation of strategies.ConclusionThis Delphi process identified 13 drowning prevention strategies for rivers. Further research is required to validate the efficacy of these findings through implementation and evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing drowning prevention strategies for rivers through the use of a modified Delphi process

Peden¹,

Franklin

Leggat

2019

Inj Prev

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“…Table 3. The following 14 publications were reviewed; (Bugeja et al 2014), (Cassell and Newstead 2015), (Chalmers and Morrison 2003), (Cummings, Mueller, and Quan 2011), (Hudson, Ekman, and Svanström 2007), (Lapa, Turgut, and Turgut 2012), (Nathanson, Young, and Young 2015), (Neville and Folland 2009), (Otamendi and de Vega 2014), (Phillips et al 2019), , , (Rizzo et al 2021), and (Spitzer et al 2018).…”

Section: Risk Influencing Factors In the Literature For Consequence M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Affects the Risk of Recreational Craft Users? -- A Literature Review

Thieme,

Brennhovd,

Linløkken

et al. 2022

Book of Extended Abstracts for the 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference

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Annually, many incidents and accidents with recreational craft are occurring. They result in fatalities, major injuries, and severe material damages. However, there is no full overview of how many incidents and accidents occur and the factors leading to these accidents. The Norwegian Maritime Authority (NMA) together with key stakeholders identified the need for more comprehensive collection and analysis of incidents, accidents and associated risk factors. To address the issue an integrated data platform for recreational craft accidents, including a risk module to analyse and predict areas with high accident rates, is under development. This paper summarizes the preliminary findings from a literature study on the risk factors associated with accidents and their outcomes with recreational craft at sea. In total 59 articles were reviewed published in the period between 2001 and 2021, of which 35 were describing relevant risk factors. These articles cover a range of statistics and accidents reports on recreational craft. The most often mentioned risk factors relate to wear of personal flotation devices, craft type and length, and weather conditions. The most detailed risk factors described in the literature are related to the recreational craft users involved in accidents. The results of this literature study will give input to the development of the data platform on recreational craft accidents in Norway.

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“…An investigation of recreational boating immersions in Alaska examined differences between the survivors and the victims (9). Substantial improvements in survival were seen with use of personal flotation devices (PFD) and avoidance of complete submersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drowning in Alaska: progress and persistent problems

Strayer

Lucas

Hull-Jilly

et al. 2010

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and describe the current problem of drowning in Alaska, measure changes in the rates since earlier studies have been done and compare occupational and non-occupational drowning characteristics. Study design. This is a descriptive observational study, using existing records obtained from several sources to describe and compare drowning victims and event characteristics. Methods. Drowning fatality data were collected from death certificates, law-enforcement reports and news articles. Descriptive statistics and risk ratios were calculated to compare levels of risk based on incident and victim characteristics. Results. During 2000-2006, 402 unintentional drowning deaths, 108 of them occupational, occurred in Alaska, with an average annual fatality rate of 8.9 deaths per 100,000 Alaskans. The victim population was 86% male and 44% Alaska Native; 40% drowned in the south-west region of Alaska. For non-occupational cases with alcohol use documented, 33% were associated with alcohol consumption, as were 78% of those involved with all-terrain vehicle crashes. Only 17% of non-occupational victims who drowned while boating wore a Personal Flotation Device (PFD). Conclusions. The drowning rate in Alaska during 2000-2006 was 8.9 drowning deaths per 100,000 population. This shows a decrease from the rate reported in a 1996 study, but several problems persist. Males and Alaska Natives had elevated risks for drowning. A substantial portion of fatalities were associated with alcohol consumption. PFD use remains low, and child drowning rates were unchanged from earlier studies. Increased data on water temperature and immersion time may help demonstrate the benefits of PFD use to those at risk. Social marketing efforts should be adapted for at-risk populations.

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Survival of immersions during recreational boating events in Alaska, 1999–2004

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Developing drowning prevention strategies for rivers through the use of a modified Delphi process

Developing drowning prevention strategies for rivers through the use of a modified Delphi process

What Affects the Risk of Recreational Craft Users? -- A Literature Review

Drowning in Alaska: progress and persistent problems

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