Survival of Homografts of Skin in Rats Depleted of Lymphocytes by Chronic Drainage From the Thoracic Duct

McGregor, D.; Gowans, J. L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)91451-5

Cited by 80 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, anergy and lymphocytopenia are associated in certain rodents after neonatal thymectomy (42,43), in ani--mals receiving antilymphocyte antisera (44), in patients with Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia (45,46), and in animals and man after artificial thoracic duct drainage (47,48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Lymphocytopenia and Impaired Homograft Rejection*

Strober¹,

Wochner²,

Carbone³

et al. 1967

J. Clin. Invest.

188

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Abstract. Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics, protein-losing enteropathy, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. The immunologic status of 18 patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia was studied. Concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immune precipitation and metabolism of these three immunoglobulins was studied using purified radioiodinated proteins. The serum concentration and total body pool of each immunoglobin were greatly reduced. The fraction of the intravascular protein pool catabolized per day was increased to 34% for IgG, 59% for IgA, and 66% for IgM; these are in contrast with control values of 7%, 28%, and 17%, respectively. Synthetic rates of the immunoglobulins were normal or slightly increased.Primary circulating antibody response was tested in five patients with Vi and tularemia antigens. Titers elicited in patients with the Vi antigen were significantly lower than those seen in a control group, whereas no difference was seen between patient and control responses to the tularemia antigen.Lymphocytopenia was noted in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia. The mean circulating lymphocyte count was 710 + 340/mm8 in contrast to 2500 + 600/ mm3 in controls. Cellular hypersensitivity was studied with skin tests and skin grafts. 91% of normal individuals reacted to at least one of the four skin test antigens: purified protein derivative, mumps, Trichophyton, and Candida albicans; in contrast, only 17% of patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia had a positive reaction. Each of three patients tested with dinitrochlorobenzene had a negative reaction. Finally, all four patients who received skin homografts have retained these grafts for at least 12 months. The immunological disorders in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia appear to result from loss of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes into the gastrointestinal tract secondary to disorders of lymphatic channels. Lymphocyte depletion then leads to skin anergy and impaired homograft rejection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Lymphocytopenia and Impaired Homograft Rejection*

Strober¹,

Wochner²,

Carbone³

et al. 1967

J. Clin. Invest.

188

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“…Cells from the thoracic duct lymph and from peripheral blood were separated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. 4 T-cells were identified by the direct E-rosette technique using 46 25 patients was tested with PPD, tetanus, streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), trichophyton, and candida. Nonspecific reactivity was determined with croton oil applications.…”

Section: Immunologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-four of the same 25 patients were screened by a hemagglutinin inhibition test 5 for serum antibodies to AlVictoria and B/Hong Kong influenza. Twenty-two (92%) had preexisting antibodies to AlVictoria and 11 (46%) had anti-B/Hong Kong antibiodies.…”

Section: Immunologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoracic Duct Fistula and Renal Transplantation

et al. 1979

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Thoracic duct drainage (TOO) was established for 21-115 days in 40 kidney recipients with an average removal per patient day of 4.7 I lymph and 1.88 billion cells. Cellular and humoral immunity were depressed. TOO and immunosuppressive drugs were started at transplantation in 35 recipients of cross-match negative grafts. Althougb the results were better than in precedent non-TOO controls, eight patients rejccted their ~~rafts before a full TOO effect, and three of the eight developed predominantly anti-B lymphocyte cytotoxic antibodies which were probably responsible for positive cross-matches with their next donors. With continuing TOO, all eight patients had good initial function after early retransplantation. In five more "non transplantable" patients with performed cytotoxic antibodies, TOO was started 30-56 days before transplantation. In these five pretreated patients, antibodies persisted with positive antidonor cross-matches. Hyperacute rejection occurred repeatedly in two patients with high anti-T (and anti-B) titers, but was surmounted in three patients with lower titers. From the clinical and immunologic data, we have concluded that TOO should be used for pretreatment of all cases with or without prior antibodies, and have suggested an adjustable management plan that takes into account new developments in antibody monitoring.T HE IMPERFECTIONS of immunosuppression for renal transplantation are well known, particularly when cadaveric donors are used. 46 Treatment often does not control rejection on the one hand, or is excessively dangerous on the other. The consequence is that renal transplantation has not lived up fully to the optimistic expectations of a decade or longer ago, a fact that increasingly has clouded the proper relationship between transplantation and its alternative. dialysis.

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“…Passive immunization of adult animals may produce immunological enhancement of tumor or skin grafts (7,8). Thymectomy, X-irradiation, chronic drainage of lymph from the thoracic duct, and other procedures producing involution, depletion, or destruction of lymphoid tissue may suppress both kinds of immunological responses (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Tolerance Produced in Rats to Sheep Erythrocytes

Rowley

Fitch

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Rats 4 weeks or older receiving a single injection of sheep erythrocytes had large numbers of plaque-forming cells in their spleens and high titers of 19S antibody. Repeated injections of the antigen given at 3-or 4-day intervals resulted in a marked decrease in numbers of plaque-forming cells in the spleens, although titers of 19S and 7S antibody remained elevated. The numbers of plaque-forming cells and antibody titers remained approximately constant as injections of antigen were continued. This stabilization of numbers of plaqueforming cells was associated with the short interval between antigen injections, since recovery of the response occurred when the interval between antigen injections was lengthened. Thus, the relatively constant exposure of the animals to an antigen provided a mechanism for controlling or limiting the response of antibody-forming cells to that antigen (1).Previous studies suggested another mechanism for controlling or limiting the antibody response to an antigen (2). Specific antibody absorbed onto or incorporated into "potential antibody-forming cells" from normal animals prevented these cells from responding to the antigen. Antibody did not have this effect on "antibody-forming cells" from animals previously immunized with that antigen. Thus, the formation of specific antibody provided a homeostatic or feed back mechanism for limiting antibody production to that portion of the antibodyforming system previously stimulated by the antigen.The data to be reported support the concept that these two mechanisms, one the result of relatively constant antigenic stimulation, and the other the result of formation of small amounts of antibody, are responsible for the induction and maintenance of tolerance to sheep erythrocytes produced in rats.

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Survival of Homografts of Skin in Rats Depleted of Lymphocytes by Chronic Drainage From the Thoracic Duct

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Lymphocytopenia and Impaired Homograft Rejection*

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Lymphocytopenia and Impaired Homograft Rejection*

Thoracic Duct Fistula and Renal Transplantation

The Mechanism of Tolerance Produced in Rats to Sheep Erythrocytes

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