Survival of Erwinia Amylovora Bacteria on Plant Surfaces and Their Role in Epidemiology

Geesteranus, H.P. Maas; Vries, P.M. de

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1984.151.6

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In fact, 6 h of survival estimated on PEHD outdoors, with an average daily temperature of 20 °C (Fig. 1), corresponds to that on a coverglass at 20 °C under controlled conditions (Maas Geesteranus & de Vries, 1984). Failure to detect bacteria on PEHD and on the cutinized pear fruit surface may be due to a number of contaminating bacteria close to the sensitivity Survival curves were used to estimate the time required for the number of Erwinia amylovora cells to fall below the ID 50 of 38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…PEHD is a highly hydrophobic material and, at the time of contamination, only a few drops of bacterial suspension were retained on the surface. Additionally, E. amylovora cell mortality outdoors is very high (Maas Geesteranus & de Vries, 1984;Mazzucchi et al, 1984). In fact, 6 h of survival estimated on PEHD outdoors, with an average daily temperature of 20 °C (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although these biotic and abiotic niches may harbour and spread E. amylovora cells, it is not clear whether all of them act as effective sources of inoculum (Hale et al ., 1996; Roberts et al ., 1998). Endophytic cells of E. amylovora in symptomless nursery materials are thought to be sources of inoculum for transmission, but not of cells contaminating the surface (Maas Geesteranus & de Vries, 1984). E. amylovora cells are likely to become a source of inoculum when the survival rate is such as to ensure an adequate quantitative level of inoculum at the time of its release in the presence of susceptible targets (Calzolari et al ., 1982; Crepel et al ., 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Erwinia amylovora on pears and on fruit containers in cold storage and outdoors

Ceroni¹,

Minardi²,

Babini³

et al. 2004

EPPO Bulletin

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The survival of Erwinia amylovora during cold storage or outdoors may be a relevant factor in the spread of fireblight. The survival of E. amylovora was studied in cold storage on pear fruits, on container materials and on packaging paper, and outdoors on wood (oak and poplar) and on polyethylene. The samples were contaminated with a bacterial suspension of a mutant strain, washed, concentrated by centrifugation, and the final concentrates were used for plate counting. In cold storage, reisolation from the calyx was successful even after 101 days, whereas on pear surfaces, it was unsuccessful after just 1 day. On oak and poplar wood, reisolation was obtained up to 77 days in cold storage for both types of wood, but only up to 27 and 55 days, respectively, outdoors. Reisolation from packaging paper in cold storage was successful up to 14 days. Reisolation from polyethylene outdoors was unsuccessful after 24 h. Survival curves were calculated for each material. On the basis of a model of inoculum transmission, and using the survival curves, a phytosanitary risk period for the different types of materials was estimated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Erwinia amylovora on pears and on fruit containers in cold storage and outdoors

Ceroni¹,

Minardi²,

Babini³

et al. 2004

EPPO Bulletin

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“…Erwinia dacicola" in the duration and the intimacy of their association with their insect versus plant hosts. Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia pyrifoliae overwinter at canker margins and in plant host buds, causing wilt (34,51). Insect vectors are attracted to these bacterium-filled exudates and transmit the pathogens to new infection sites (16,23,51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Olive Fly Endosymbiont, “CandidatusErwinia dacicola,” Switches from an Intracellular Existence to an Extracellular Existence during Host Insect Development

Estes¹,

Hearn²,

Bronstein³

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

107

176

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As polyphagous, holometabolous insects, tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) provide a unique habitat for endosymbiotic bacteria, especially those microbes associated with the digestive system. Here we examine the endosymbiont of the olive fly [Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)], a tephritid of great economic importance. "Candidatus Erwinia dacicola" was found in the digestive systems of all life stages of wild olive flies from the southwestern United States. PCR and microscopy demonstrated that "Ca. Erwinia dacicola" resided intracellularly in the gastric ceca of the larval midgut but extracellularly in the lumen of the foregut and ovipositor diverticulum of adult flies. "Ca. Erwinia dacicola" is one of the few nonpathogenic endosymbionts that transitions between intracellular and extracellular lifestyles during specific stages of the host's life cycle. Another unique feature of the olive fly endosymbiont is that unlike obligate endosymbionts of monophagous insects, "Ca. Erwinia dacicola" has a G؉C nucleotide composition similar to those of closely related plantpathogenic and free-living bacteria. These two characteristics of "Ca. Erwinia dacicola," the ability to transition between intracellular and extracellular lifestyles and a G؉C nucleotide composition similar to those of free-living relatives, may facilitate survival in a changing environment during the development of a polyphagous, holometabolous host. We propose that insect-bacterial symbioses should be classified based on the environment that the host provides to the endosymbiont (the endosymbiont environment).

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“…Epiphytic populations of E. amylovora could be important for spread of the pathogen via nursery material, although epiphytic survival of the pathogen appears to be rather short (Maas‐Geesteranus & de Vries, 1984). When leaf or twig washings are analysed with PCR, the inhibitory influence of pesticides should be considered (Pulawska et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of avoidance and control of bacterial plant diseases when using pathogen‐tested (certified) or ‐treated planting material

Janse

Wenneker

2002

Plant Pathology

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Testing of planting material for freedom from phytopathogenic bacteria is an important, although not exclusive, method for control of bacterial diseases of plants. Ideally, pathogen-free or pathogen-/disease-resistant planting material is desirable, but this situation is not always possible on a practical basis. For most bacterial pathogens, resistance is not available in cultivated hosts, and production of pathogen-free planting material requires strict certification schemes via several routes. These include (i) indexing, with subsequent removal of infected/contaminated material from the production chain; (ii) meristem and other tissue culture production systems; (iii) thermo-or chemotherapy; (iv) plant or seed surface disinfection for epiphytic bacterial pathogens; (v) avoidance or decontamination of contaminated production factors such as substrate, soil or irrigation water. These methods cannot guarantee 100% freedom from the pathogen or disease during crop multiplication from certified planting material, because of factors such as sampling error, experimental error, test sensitivities, limitations of therapies (e.g. phytotoxicity or insufficient penetration), re-introduction of the pathogen, insufficient hygiene or decontamination during planting and multiplication of clean propagating material, and manipulations during trade and production. These factors are discussed with reference to several bacterial plant diseases, in particular control of bacterial brown rot and ring rot of potato in Europe and North America. The most efficient control of bacterial diseases can be expected through a combination of the use of healthy/tested planting material and good cultivation practice, including strict crop and storage hygiene.

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Survival of Erwinia Amylovora Bacteria on Plant Surfaces and Their Role in Epidemiology

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Survival of Erwinia amylovora on pears and on fruit containers in cold storage and outdoors

Survival of Erwinia amylovora on pears and on fruit containers in cold storage and outdoors

The Olive Fly Endosymbiont, “CandidatusErwinia dacicola,” Switches from an Intracellular Existence to an Extracellular Existence during Host Insect Development

Possibilities of avoidance and control of bacterial plant diseases when using pathogen‐tested (certified) or ‐treated planting material

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