Survival of Coxsackie Virus in Water and Sewage

Clarke, Norman A.; Stevenson, Robert E.; Kabler, Paul W.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1956.tb19348.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Currently practiced sewage treatment methods generally cannot ensure the removal of all human viruses from treated wastewater (5,6,22). The presence of these organisms has been viewed as a potential hazard to wastewater reuse operations, especially those involving aquifer supplementation by recharge (2,3,12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus removal during groundwater recharge: effects of infiltration rate on adsorption of poliovirus to soil

Vaughn¹,

Landry²,

Beckwith³

et al. 1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Studies were conducted to determine the influence of infiltration rate on poliovirus removal during groundwater recharge with tertiary-treated wastewater effluents. Experiments were conducted at a uniquely designed, field-situated test recharge basin facility through which some 62,000 m3 of sewage had been previously applied. Recharge at high infiltration rates (75 to 100 cm/h) resulted in the movement ofconsiderable numbers ofseeded poliovirus to the groundwater. Moderately reduced infiltration rates (6 cm/h) affected significantly improved virus removal. Very low infiltration rates (0.5 to 1.0 cm/h), achieved by partial clogging of the test basin, yielded the greatest virus removal efficiencies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus removal during groundwater recharge: effects of infiltration rate on adsorption of poliovirus to soil

Vaughn¹,

Landry²,

Beckwith³

et al. 1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The extended survival ofviruses in septic tank liquor-saturated soil at moderate temperatures is significant in that septic tank liquor is a medium in which viruses are likely to be discharged to the soil throughout the year. Wastewater and sewage sludges have also been shown to protect some viruses against inactivation under a variety of conditions (2,15,22).…”

Section: Virus Inactivation In Soil 699mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus inactivation in soil

Yeager¹,

O’Brien²

1979

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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The inactivation of radioactively labeled poliovirus type 1 and coxsackievirus B 1 in soils saturated with surface water, groundwater, and septic tank liquor was directly proportional to temperature. Virus persistence was also related to soil type and the liquid amendment in which viruses were suspended. At 37°C, no infectivity was recovered from saturated soil after 12 days; at 4°C, viruses persisted for at least 180 days. No infectivity was recovered from dried soil regardless of temperature, soil type, or liquid amendment. Additional experiments showed that evaporation of soil water was largely responsible for the decreased recovery of infectivity from drying soil. Increased rates of virus inactivation at low soil moisture levels were also demonstrated. Increasing concern over efficient use of limited water resources has resulted in research on the possible use of sewage or sewage sludges for land reclamation and fertilizer (9, 14, 18). Viruses and other pathogens remaining in the sewage or sludge could contaminate crops, surface water, or groundwater. For viral contamination to occur, however, viruses must remain infectious after a period of association with soils. Knowledge of virus persistence and movement in soils is presently incomplete and sometimes contradictory. For example, Tierney et al. (19) have shown that viruses in sewage or sludge used to irrigate crops may persist for up to 11 days in soil at summer temperatures and for over 96 days under winter conditions. Wellings et al. (23) demonstrated that enteric viruses can survive irrigation and move at least 6 m vertically and 38 m laterally through soil to monitoring wells.

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“…Mas mesmo que tivéssemos podido determinar aquela origem vacinal, êste fato não diminuiria os riscos de contaminação por cepas selvagens do mesmo vírus. Os tipos de vírus isolados encontram-se entre os mais freqüentemen-te isolados por outros autores ( CLARK et alii 5 (1955), toleram o emprê-go, na rega de vegetais ingeridos crus, de águas com média dos NMP de coliformes inferior a 5.000 por 100 ml, sem especificar o tipo de média. O isolamento de cepas de dois tipos diferentes de vírus da poliomielite, da água da horta D, cuja média geométrica dos NMP de coliformes está muito próxima do máximo tolerado, nos indicaria claramente o inconveniente de se interpretar o têrmo "média", estabelecido pelo padrão, como média geométrica.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Condições sanitárias das águas de irrigação de hortas do município de São Paulo: II. Isolamento de vírus entéricos

Christovão¹,

Candeias²,

Iaria³

1967

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Foram pesquisados vírus entéricos nas águas de irrigação de onze hortas do município de São Paulo. Das amostras das águas de cinco hortas foram isolados os seguintes enterovírus: vírus de poliomielite tipo I e tipo III e vírus Coxsackie tipo A16 e tipo A7. Os resultados evidenciam a superioridade do método de adsorção à resina Dowex, para isolamento de vírus de águas contaminadas com esgotos. O encontro de vírus naquelas águas dá ao aspecto sanitário dêste problema, particular importância.

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Survival of Coxsackie Virus in Water and Sewage

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Virus removal during groundwater recharge: effects of infiltration rate on adsorption of poliovirus to soil

Virus removal during groundwater recharge: effects of infiltration rate on adsorption of poliovirus to soil

Enterovirus inactivation in soil

Condições sanitárias das águas de irrigação de hortas do município de São Paulo: II. Isolamento de vírus entéricos

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