Survival of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans, associated with acute oak decline, in rainwater and forest soil

Pettifor, Bethany J.; Doonan, James; Denman, Sandra; McDonald, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126052

“…As sampling was done only once, it is necessary to repeat sampling from symptomatic and asymptomatic oak trees and isolate bacteria to find out if they are significant in contribution to AOD development. Especially, it was shown that B. goodwinii is oak endosymbiont which cannot survive outside the host plant for a long time, and which can change in a viable but non-culturable state if the ambient conditions are inappropriate (Pettifor et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans bacteria, detected on weaken oak trees in Poland

Tkaczyk

¹

,

Celma²,

Ruņģis³

et al. 2021

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The decline of oak stands is a phenomenon that has been observed since the beginning of the 20th century in many European countries. It can be caused both with abiotic factors such as drought and fluctuations in groundwater levels, as well as biotic factors such as infestations by insects, fungi and bacteria. Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is an dangerous disease of oak trees which was first observed in the XX century. From the moment the first symptoms were noticed, the disease is able to kill trees in up to 6 years. Two species of bacteria, Brebberia goodwinii and Gibsiella quercinecand, are considered as one of the infectious agents of AOD. The decline of Quercs robur was reported from a weakened stand from the Chojnów Forest District. Symptomatic exudates were sampled and subjected to laboratory analysis. Using the Real time PCR, bacteria Brenneria goodwinii and Gibsiella quercinecans were confirmed in two out of seven collected field samples. This report is the first information on the observation of these bacteria in weakened stands with the participation of Quercus robur in Poland. Keywords: Quercus robur, bacteria, Brenneria goodwinii, Gibsiella quercinecans, real time PCR, Acute Oak Decline

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“…The detection of these bacterial sequence data in DNA extracted from leaves does not distinguish between bacteria living as endophytes, epiphytes or present due to rain or insect dispersal. Pettifor et al [35] found that rainwater, and to a lesser extent, soil, could act as a reservoir for G. quercinecans but not for B. goodwinii. This evidence indirectly suggests that B. goodwinii is an endosymbiont, but G. quercinecans may have a different niche [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pettifor et al [35] found that rainwater, and to a lesser extent, soil, could act as a reservoir for G. quercinecans but not for B. goodwinii. This evidence indirectly suggests that B. goodwinii is an endosymbiont, but G. quercinecans may have a different niche [35]. We found R. victoriana and L. britannica to be more widespread than either G. quercinecans or B. goodwinii, which could suggest a wider dispersal in the environment for these two species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory experiments assessing the ability of B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans to survive in water and soil showed that G. quercinecans, although not culturable from soil, was detectable using qPCR up to 84 days after inoculation in both rainwater and soil. Brenneria goodwinii was not able to survive in either environment suggesting that it is an endophytic or epiphytic plant pathogen, whereas G. quercinecans is more generalist and able to survive in environmental reservoirs [35]. Recent unpublished research into potential transmission mechanisms of AOD found B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans on samples of leaves of both healthy and symptomatic trees and at AOD affected and unaffected sites (Emma Bonham, personal communication 20 June 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Bacteria Implicated in Acute Oak Decline from Incidental Genetic Sampling

Gathercole

¹

,

Nocchi

²

,

Brown

³

et al. 2021

Forests

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Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is complex syndrome affecting Britain’s keystone native oak species, (Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea L. (Matt.) Liebl.), in some cases causing mortality within five years of symptom development. The most distinguishable symptom is weeping stem lesions, from which four species of bacteria have been isolated: Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans, Lonsdalea britannica and Rahnella victoriana. We do not yet know where else these bacteria exist, and little is known about the relationship of the wider oak leaf microbiome (phyllosphere) to acute oak decline. Here we investigate whether incidental evidence from a large oak genome re-sequencing dataset could be used to detect these bacteria in oak foliage, and whether bacterial incidence co-varied with AOD status or location. Oak leaves and buds were sampled from 421 trees at five sites in England. Whole genomic DNA from these samples was shot-gun sequenced with short reads. Non-oak reads were extracted from these data and queried to microbial databases. Reads uniquely matching AOD-associated bacterial genomes were found to be present on trees from all five sites and included trees with active lesions, trees with historic lesions and trees without AOD symptoms. The abundance of the AOD-associated bacteria did not differ between tree health categories but did differ among sites. We conclude that the AOD-associated bacteria may be members of the normal oak microbiome, whose presence on a tree is not sufficient to cause AOD symptoms.

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“…Laboratory experiments assessing the ability of B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans to survive in water and soil showed that G. quercinecans, although not culturable from soil, was detectable using qPCR up to 84 days after inoculation in both rainwater and soil. Brenneria goodwinii was not able to survive in either environment suggesting that it is an endophytic or epiphytic plant pathogen, whereas G. quercinecans is more generalist and able to survive in environmental reservoirs [35]. Recent unpublished research into potential transmission mechanisms of AOD found B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans on samples of leaves of both healthy and symptomatic trees and at AOD affected and unaffected sites (Emma Bonham, personal communication 20 th June 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Bacteria Implicated in Acute Oak Decline from Incidental Genetic Sampling

Gathercole¹,

Nocchi²,

Brown³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is complex syndrome affecting Britain’s keystone native oak species, (Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea L. (Matt.) Liebl.), in some cases causing mortality within five years of symptom development. The most distinguishable symptom is weeping stem lesions, from which four species of bacteria have been isolated: Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans, Lonsdalea britannica and Rahnella victoriana. We do not yet know where else these bacteria exist, and little is known about the relationship of the wider oak leaf microbiome (phyllosphere) to acute oak decline. Here we investigate whether incidental evidence from a large oak genome re-sequencing dataset could be used to detect these bacteria in oak foliage, and whether bacterial incidence co-varied with AOD status or location. Oak leaves and buds were sampled from 421 trees at five sites in England. Whole genomic DNA from these samples was shot-gun sequenced with short reads. Non-oak reads were extracted from these data and queried to microbial databases. Reads uniquely matching AOD-associated bacterial genomes were found to be present on trees from all five sites and included trees with active lesions, trees with historic lesions and trees without AOD symptoms. The abundance of the AOD-associated bacteria did not differ between tree health categories but did differ among sites. We conclude that the AOD-associated bacteria may be members of the normal oak microbiome, whose presence on a tree is not sufficient to cause AOD symptoms.

show abstract

Survival of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans, associated with acute oak decline, in rainwater and forest soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

First report of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans bacteria, detected on weaken oak trees in Poland

First report of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans bacteria, detected on weaken oak trees in Poland

Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Bacteria Implicated in Acute Oak Decline from Incidental Genetic Sampling

Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Bacteria Implicated in Acute Oak Decline from Incidental Genetic Sampling

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