Survival of Albumin, IgG, IgM, and Complement (C3) in Human Blood after Ingestion by Aedes Albopictus and Phlebotomus Papatasi

Tesh, Robert B.; Chen, Woan-Ru; Catuccio, Debra

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.127

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Anti-BSA antibodies were detected 9 days after blood feeding in Anopheles stephensi [28] and human specific IgM and IgG were present in the blood meals of Ae. albopictus for 7 days [29]. These extended periods are surprising given that one would expect blood meals and their proteins to have been fully digested by then but the persistence of antibodies in mosquito blood meals will differ with species, ambient temperature, body size, initial concentration of antibodies, blood meal volume and the length of the gonotrophic cycle.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: A useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

et al. 2020

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Introduction Many arboviruses of public health significance are maintained in zoonotic cycles with complex transmission pathways. The presence of serum antibody against arboviruses in vertebrates provides evidence of their historical exposure but reveals nothing about the vectorreservoir relationship. Moreover, collecting blood or tissue samples from vertebrate hosts is ethically and logistically challenging. We developed a novel approach for screening the immune status of vertebrates against Ross River virus that allows us to implicate the vectors that form the transmission pathways for this commonly notified Australian arboviral disease. Methods A micro-plaque reduction neutralisation test (micro-PRNT) was developed and validated on koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) sera against a standard PRNT. The ability of the micro-PRNT to detect RRV antibodies in mosquito blood meals was then tested using two mosquito models. Laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti were fed, via a membrane, on sheep blood supplemented with RRV seropositive and seronegative human sera. Aedes notoscriptus were fed on RRV seropositive and seronegative human volunteers. Blood-fed mosquitoes were harvested at various time points after feeding and their blood meals analysed for the presence of RRV neutralising antibodies using the micro-PRNT. Results There was significant agreement of the plaque neutralisation resulting from the micro-PRNT and standard PRNT techniques (R 2 = 0.65; P<0.0001) when applied to RRV antibody detection in koala sera. Sensitivity and specificity of the micro-PRNT assay were 88.2% and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the standard PRNT. Blood meals from mosquitoes fed on sheep blood supplemented with RRV antibodies, and on blood from RRV seropositive humans neutralised the virus by �50% until 48 hr post feeding. The vertebrate origin of the PLOS ONE

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: A useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

et al. 2020

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“…In other studies this detection period was far greater: using ELISA methods, anti-BSA antibodies were detected 9 days after blood feeding in Anopheles stephensi [27] and human specific IgM and IgG were present in the blood meals of Ae. albopictus for 7 days [28]. This is surprising given that one would expect blood meals and their proteins to have been fully digested by then but the persistence of antibodies in mosquito blood meals will differ with species, ambient temperature, body size, initial concentration of antibodies, blood meal volume and the length of the gonotrophic cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: a useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

Gyawali

Murphy

Hugo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionMany arboviruses of public health significance are maintained in zoonotic cycles with complex transmission pathways. The presence of serum antibody against arboviruses in vertebrates provides evidence of their historical exposure but reveals nothing about the vector-reservoir relationship. Moreover, collecting blood or tissue samples from vertebrate hosts is ethically and logistically challenging. We developed a novel approach for screening the immune status of vertebrates against Ross River virus that allows us to implicate the vectors that form the transmission pathway for this commonly notified Australian arboviral disease.MethodsA micro-plaque reduction neutralisation test (micro-PRNT) was developed and validated on koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) sera against a standard PRNT. The ability of the micro-PRNT to detect RRV antibodies in mosquito blood meals was then tested using some convenient mosquito models. Laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti were fed, via a membrane, on sheep blood supplemented with RRV seropositive and seronegative human sera. Aedes notoscriptus were fed on RRV seropositive and seronegative human volunteers. Blood-fed mosquitoes were harvested at various time points after feeding and their blood meals analysed for the presence of RRV neutralizing antibodies using the micro-PRNT.ResultsThere was significant agreement of the plaque neutralization resulting from the micro-PRNT and standard PRNT techniques (R2=0.65; P<0.0001) when applied to RRV antibody detection in koala sera. Sensitivity and specificity of the micro-PRNT assay were 88.2% and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the standard PRNT. Blood meals from mosquitoes fed on sheep blood supplemented with RRV antibodies neutralised RRV by ≥50% until 60 hr post feeding. Similarly, mosquito blood meals from RRV seropositive human volunteers neutralised the virus by ≥50% until 48 hr post-blood feeding.ConclusionsThe small volumes of blood present in mosquito abdomens can be used to identify RRV antibodies and therefore host exposure to arbovirus infection. In tandem with the accurate identification of the mosquito, and diagnostics for the host origin of the blood meal, this technique has tremendous potential for exploring RRV transmission pathways. It can clearly be adapted for similar studies on other mosquito borne zoonoses.

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“…Host antibodies and/or complement proteins have also been detected in the guts of other hematophagous ectoparasites such as mosquitoes [ 58 , 59 ], sandflies [ 60 , 61 ] and tsetse flies [ 62 ]. For example, mouse antibodies were found to persist for 2–3 days after the blood meal in the mosquito Ae.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Host Antibodies Within Hematophagous Ectoparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This shows that host antibodies ingested by tsetse flies remain functional and can affect vector fitness by depleting diet proteins. Host immune proteins such as IgG, IgM and the fraction C3 of the complement system were found to persist in the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi for longer than host albumin, which disappeared rapidly, suggesting that, within the vectors, host immune proteins are relatively resistant to proteolytic degradation compared to other serum proteins [ 60 ]. The functionality of host immune proteins was demonstrated in the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in which the midgut epithelium was found to activate the alternative, classical and lectin pathways of the human complement system as well as the antibody-independent C1 deposition mechanism [ 61 ].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Host Antibodies Within Hematophagous Ectoparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector microbiota manipulation by host antibodies: the forgotten strategy to develop transmission-blocking vaccines

et al. 2022

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Human and animal pathogens that are transmitted by arthropods are a global concern, particularly those vectored by ticks (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi and tick-borne encephalitis virus) and mosquitoes (e.g. malaria and dengue virus). Breaking the circulation of pathogens in permanent foci by controlling vectors using acaricide-based approaches is threatened by the selection of acaricide resistance in vector populations, poor management practices and relaxing of control measures. Alternative strategies that can reduce vector populations and/or vector-mediated transmission are encouraged worldwide. In recent years, it has become clear that arthropod-associated microbiota are involved in many aspects of host physiology and vector competence, prompting research into vector microbiota manipulation. Here, we review how increased knowledge of microbial ecology and vector-host interactions is driving the emergence of new concepts and tools for vector and pathogen control. We focus on the immune functions of host antibodies taken in the blood meal as they can target pathogens and microbiota bacteria within hematophagous arthropods. Anti-microbiota vaccines are presented as a tool to manipulate the vector microbiota and interfere with the development of pathogens within their vectors. Since the importance of some bacterial taxa for colonization of vector-borne pathogens is well known, the disruption of the vector microbiota by host antibodies opens the possibility to develop novel transmission-blocking vaccines.

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Survival of Albumin, IgG, IgM, and Complement (C3) in Human Blood after Ingestion by Aedes Albopictus and Phlebotomus Papatasi

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: A useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: A useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: a useful tool for inferring transmission pathways

Vector microbiota manipulation by host antibodies: the forgotten strategy to develop transmission-blocking vaccines

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