“…Meanwhile, in Indonesia, empirical studies on migrants still focus more on remittances and poverty (Meiliyana, 2019;Rosalinda, n.d.), the determinants of purna PMI employment interest (Chriswuri, 2019;Kurniati et al, 2017), and the implementation of the empowerment program for purna PMI (Kumala Sari & Sjamsuddin, 2021;Mindarti et al, 2022;Wahyudi et al, 2022). Even though it is the 2nd largest migrant-sending country in Southeast Asia, the governance related to return migration in Indonesia is considered to be still not optimal and has received less attention and policy intervention, where the implementation of the existing program of purna PMI still has limited coverage and information (ILO, 2006).…”