SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND BEHAVIOR OF THE LOLIGINID SQUIDS <i>LOLIGO PLEI, LOLIGO PEALEI</i>, AND <i>LOLLIGUNCULA BREVIS</i> (MOLLUSCA: CEPHALOPODA) IN CLOSED SEA WATER SYSTEMS

Hanlon, Roger T.; Hixon, R. F.; Hulet, William H.

doi:10.2307/1541470

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous studies have described forward and backward swimming in squids (Bartol et al, 2001b(Bartol et al, , 2009bHanlon et al, 1983;Vecchione and Roper, 1991), including detailed kinematic data of L. brevis (Bartol et al, 2001b). Clearly, both modes are important ecologically for squids.…”

Section: Swimming Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this dual-mode system, squids are capable of remarkable locomotor flexibility. They can hover in place, change direction rapidly, brake, navigate structurally complex habitats, ascend or descend almost vertically, and swim forward (arms-first swimming) and backward (tail-first swimming) with apparent ease (Bartol et al, 2001a,b;Hanlon et al, 1983;Vecchione and Roper, 1991). Coordination of fin movements and the jet are essential for achieving the behaviors described above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volumetric flow imaging reveals the importance of vortex ring formation in squid swimming tail-first and arms-first

Bartol

Krueger

Jastrebsky

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Squids use a pulsed jet and fin movements to swim both arms-first (forward) and tail-first (backward). Given the complexity of the squid multi-propulsor system, 3D velocimetry techniques are required for the comprehensive study of wake dynamics. Defocusing digital particle tracking velocimetry, a volumetric velocimetry technique, and high-speed videography were used to study arms-first and tail-first swimming of brief squid Lolliguncula brevis over a broad range of speeds [0-10 dorsal mantle lengths (DML) s] in a swim tunnel. Although there was considerable complexity in the wakes of these multi-propulsor swimmers, 3D vortex rings and their derivatives were prominent reoccurring features during both tail-first and arms-first swimming, with the greatest jet and fin flow complexity occurring at intermediate speeds (1.5-3.0 DML s −1). The jet generally produced the majority of thrust during rectilinear swimming, increasing in relative importance with speed, and the fins provided no thrust at speeds >4.5 DML s ) to counteract negative buoyancy. Propulsive efficiency (η) increased with speed irrespective of swimming orientation, and η for swimming sequences with clear isolated jet vortex rings was significantly greater (η=78.6±7.6%, mean±s.d.) than that for swimming sequences with clear elongated regions of concentrated jet vorticity (η=67.9±19.2%). This study reveals the complexity of 3D vortex wake flows produced by nekton with hydrodynamically distinct propulsors.

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Section: Swimming Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric flow imaging reveals the importance of vortex ring formation in squid swimming tail-first and arms-first

Bartol

Krueger

Jastrebsky

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Specimens were transported and treated to reduce stress following a previously published protocol (Hanlon et al, 1983). After collection, L. brevis were brought back to the laboratory where they were transferred to individual covered, opaque, aerated buckets.…”

Section: Specimen Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil light reflex in the Atlantic brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis

McCormick

Cohen

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYColeoid behavioral ecology is highly visual and requires an eye capable of forming images in a variety of photic conditions. A variable pupil aperture is one feature that contributes to this visual flexibility in most coleoids, although pupil responses have yet to be quantitatively documented for squid. The pupil light reflex (PLR) of the Atlantic brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis, was analyzed by directly exposing one eye of individual squid to light stimuli of varying irradiance and imaging the reflex, while simultaneously recording from the opposite, indirectly stimulated eye to determine whether the constriction was consensual between eyes. A PLR was measured in L. brevis, with an asymmetrical constriction observed under increasing irradiance levels that was not consensual between eyes, although a response of some level was observed in both eyes. Response thresholds ranged between 12.56 and 12.66log photonscm -2 s -1 . The PLR was rapid and dependent upon the stimulus irradiance, achieving half-maximum constriction within 0.49-1.2s. The spectral responsivity of the PLR was analyzed by measuring the magnitude of the reflex in the eye directly stimulated by light of equal quantal intensity at wavelengths from 410 to 632nm. The responsivity curve showed a maximum at 500nm, indicating the eye is especially well suited for vision at twilight. These results, when considered in the context of the ambient light characteristics, show that the PLR of L. brevis contributes to a dynamic visual system capable of adjusting to the highly variable composition of light in its estuarine habitat.

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“…These animals are able to enter shallow waters of inshore and estuarine environments (Hendrix et al, 1981;Hanlon et al, 1983). Peak abundances of Lolliguncula brevis are found during the summer months in these waters (Dragovich and Kelly, 1962, 1964, 1967Copeland, 1965;Livingston et al, 1976;Laughlin and Livingston, 1982), at a time of the year when hypoxic water layers are frequently formed nearshore and in bays (Harper et al, 1981;Turner and Allen, 1982;Gaston, 1985;Pokryfki and Randall, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic performance of the squid Lolliguncula brevis (Cephalopoda) during hypoxia: an analysis of the critical PO2

Zielinski

Lee

Pörtner

2000

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Brief squid Lolliguncula brevis are regularly exposed to fluctuating oxygen levels in their shallow coastal environment. To assess hypoxia resistance, animals were exposed for two hours to ambient oxygen partial pressures (P ) between 19.3 kPa (normoxia) and 6.6 kPa (34.2% air O 2 saturation) at 20618C. In a second set of experiments, the animals were subjected to a low P of O 2 2.860.3 kPa (14.561.6% air saturation) for 15 to 60 min. Subsequently, metabolic, energy and acid-base status were analysed in the mantle tissue. Onset of anaerobic metabolism was observed between 9.4 and 7.9 kPa (48.7 and 40.9% air saturation), reflecting the critical oxygen tension for this species. The formation of octopine and acetate indicates a simultaneous onset of anaerobic metabolism in both the cytosol and the mitochondria during progressive hypoxia. Concomitantly, an intracellular acidosis developed. During exposure to oxygen partial pressures between 19.3 and 6.6 kPa, aerobic and anaerobic processes were sufficient to maintain energy status in the mantle musculature. No significant changes in ATP and phospho-L-arginine (PLA) concentrations were observed. In contrast, both ATP and PLA levels declined significantly after 15 min at an ambient P of 2.860.3 kPa. Concomitantly, the Gibb's free energy change of ATP hydrolysis fell to a O 2 21minimum value of about 244 kJ?mol , a level suggested to reflect limiting energy availability for cellular ATPases. These results indicate that hypoxia at 2.8 kPa (14.5% air saturation) rapidly takes Lolliguncula brevis to the limits of performance. However, it is probably capable of withstanding longer periods of moderate hypoxia close to 50% air saturation (9.7 kPa), enabling the squids to cope with oxygen fluctuations in their shallow estuarine environment or to dive into hypoxic waters by use of their economic jetting strategy. Nonetheless, the critical P is O 2 considered to be high compared to other hypoxia tolerant animals, an observation likely related to the high metabolic rate of these squids.

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SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND BEHAVIOR OF THE LOLIGINID SQUIDS LOLIGO PLEI, LOLIGO PEALEI, AND LOLLIGUNCULA BREVIS (MOLLUSCA: CEPHALOPODA) IN CLOSED SEA WATER SYSTEMS

Cited by 90 publications

References 26 publications

Volumetric flow imaging reveals the importance of vortex ring formation in squid swimming tail-first and arms-first

Volumetric flow imaging reveals the importance of vortex ring formation in squid swimming tail-first and arms-first

Pupil light reflex in the Atlantic brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis

Metabolic performance of the squid Lolliguncula brevis (Cephalopoda) during hypoxia: an analysis of the critical PO2

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