Survival Factor Gene FgSvf1 Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in Fusarium graminearum

Li, Taiying; Jung, Boknam; Park, Sook‐Young; Lee, Jungkwan

doi:10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2019.0070

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Similar to previous studies on NoxD, our current study showed that FgNoxD in F. graminearum is involved in normal vegetative growth, virulence, asexual development, and resistance to various stressors. Sexual development in F. graminearum is a vital factor that leads to its genetic diversity and adaptability in nature (Lee et al, 2011;Ni et al, 2011;Li et al, 2019). Sexual development is also a central strategy to survival in soil or host plant debris in the fields during winter (Guenther and Trail, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To complement the gene deletion, a DNA fragment carrying the open read frame and native promoter of FgNoxD was fused with the geneticin resistance cassette (GEN) and amplified with pII99 through SMR ( Namiki et al, 2001 ). For transformation, protoplasts of GZ3639 were prepared and a previously described method was applied ( Kim et al, 2006 ; Li et al, 2019 ). In brief, conidia were incubated in 50 ml of YPG (10 g/L of peptone, 3 g/L of yeast extract, and 20 g/L of glucose) with shaking at 200 rpm for 12 h at 25°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the osmotic stress test, each strain was inoculated in MM supplemented with 1.4 M KCl and NaCl and cultivated for 5 days at 25°C, after which radial growth was measured ( Gu et al, 2015 ). Cold stress tests were performed as previously described ( Li et al, 2019 ). Briefly, conidia (1 × 10 3 conidia/ml) in distilled water were stored at 4°C for 6 days and 100 μl of each suspension was spread on PDA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colony diameter of each strain was measured after cultivation at 25°C for 3 days ( Ram and Klis, 2006 ; Schroeder and Ikui, 2019 ). For the fungicide resistance test, mycelia from each strain were inoculated onto MM supplemented with 0.1–0.5 mg/L prochloraz fungicide and cultivated at 25°C for 5 days ( Li et al, 2019 ). Oxidative stress tests were performed using menadione ( Katikireddy et al, 2018 ; Majiene et al, 2019 ; Funk et al, 2021 ) and H 2 O 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold stress tests were performed as previously described (Li et al, 2019). Briefly, conidia (1 × 10 3 conidia/ml) in distilled water were stored at 4°C for 6 days and 100 μl of each suspension was spread on PDA.…”

Section: Stress Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NADPH Oxidase Gene, FgNoxD, Plays a Critical Role in Development and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum

Kim

Lee

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species from oxygen and NADPH and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. In Fusarium graminearum, a series of different Nox enzymes have been identified. NoxA is involved in sexual development and ascospore production and, like NoxB, also contributes to pathogenicity. Both NoxA and NoxB are regulated by the subunit NoxR, whereas NoxC is usually self-regulated by EF-hand motifs found on the enzyme. In this study, we characterized another NADPH oxidase in F. graminearum, FgNoxD. In the FgNoxD deletion mutant, vegetative growth and conidia production were reduced, while sexual development was totally abolished. The FgNoxD deletion mutant also showed reduced resistance to cell wall perturbing agents; cell membrane inhibitors; and osmotic, fungicide, cold, and extracellular oxidative stress, when compared to the wild type. Moreover, in comparison to the wild type, the FgNoxD deletion mutant exhibited reduced virulence against the host plant. The FgNoxD deletion mutant produced less deoxynivalenol than the wild type, and the Tri5 and Tri6 gene expression was also downregulated. In conclusion, our findings show that FgNoxD is involved in the survival against various stresses, conidiation, sexual development, and virulence, highlighting this enzyme as a new target to control the disease caused by F. graminearum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NADPH Oxidase Gene, FgNoxD, Plays a Critical Role in Development and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum

Kim

Lee

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Functional characterization of two survival factor 1 genes in Mucor lusitanicus

Jáger,

Szebenyi,

Abu Saleem

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Survival factor 1 (Svf1) protein has been described in some ascomycetous fungi where it was found to be contributing to several essential physiological processes, such as response to osmotic, oxidative and cold stresses, sphingolipid biosynthesis, morphogenesis, sporulation, antifungal resistance, and pathogenicity. It was also suggested that it can be a novel central regulator affecting the expression of various genes. In the present study, function of this protein and the encoding genes is described for the first time in a fungus (i.e., in Mucor lusitanicus ) belonging to the order Mucorales. M. lusitanicus has two putative svf1 genes named svf1a and svf1b . Expression of both genes was proven. Although the expression of svf1a was affected by several environmental stresses and knocking out the gene affected adaptation to low temperatures and the sporulation ability, the main survival factor functions, such as participation in the maintenance of the viability, the response to oxidative and cold stresses, and the sphingolipid biosynthesis, could be associated with Svf1b, suggesting a central regulatory role to this protein. Interestingly, knockout of both genes affected the pathogenicity of the fungus in a Drosophila model. IMPORTANCE Mucor lusitanicus is a widely used model organism to study various biological processes in the basal fungal group Mucorales. Several members of this group can be agents of mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection, which is associated with high mortality, rapid progression, and wide resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. Svf1 proteins have so far only been identified in fungi, where they have been involved in pathogenicity and resistance to antifungal agents in many cases. Only a limited number of factors affecting the stress response, antifungal resistance, and virulence of Mucorales fungi have been revealed. Elucidating the function of a fungus-specific protein that may regulate these processes may bring us closer to understanding the pathogenesis of these fungi.

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Survival Factor A (SvfA) Contributes to Aspergillus nidulans Pathogenicity

Lim

Jung

Hwang

et al. 2023

JoF

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Survival factor A (SvfA) in Aspergillus nidulans plays multiple roles in growth and developmental processes. It is a candidate for a novel VeA-dependent protein involved in sexual development. VeA is a key developmental regulator in Aspergillus species that can interact with other velvet-family proteins and enter into the nucleus to function as a transcription factor. In yeast and fungi, SvfA-homologous proteins are required for survival under oxidative and cold-stress conditions. To assess the role of SvfA in virulence in A. nidulans, cell wall components, biofilm formation, and protease activity were evaluated in a svfA-gene-deletion or an AfsvfA-overexpressing strain. The svfA-deletion strain showed decreased production of β-1,3-glucan in conidia, a cell wall pathogen-associated molecular pattern, with a decrease in gene expression for chitin synthases and β-1,3-glucan synthase. The ability to form biofilms and produce proteases was reduced in the svfA-deletion strain. We hypothesized that the svfA-deletion strain was less virulent than the wild-type strain; therefore, we performed in vitro phagocytosis assays using alveolar macrophages and analyzed in vivo survival using two vertebrate animal models. While phagocytosis was reduced in mouse alveolar macrophages challenged with conidia from the svfA-deletion strain, the killing rate showed a significant increase with increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK activation. The svfA-deletion conidia infection reduced host mortality in both T-cell-deficient zebrafish and chronic granulomatous disease mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that SvfA plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of A. nidulans.

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Survival Factor Gene FgSvf1 Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

NADPH Oxidase Gene, FgNoxD, Plays a Critical Role in Development and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum

NADPH Oxidase Gene, FgNoxD, Plays a Critical Role in Development and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum

Functional characterization of two survival factor 1 genes in Mucor lusitanicus

Survival Factor A (SvfA) Contributes to Aspergillus nidulans Pathogenicity

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