Survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) in a natural sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX

Kuperman, Roman G.; Checkai, Ronald T.; Simini, Michael; Phillips, Carlton T.; Kolakowski, Jan E.; Kurnas, Carl W.; Sunahara, Geoffrey I.

doi:10.1078/0031-4056-00241

Cited by 17 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, this species has often been used in ecotoxicological studies because of the simplicity of its breeding and testing, e.g. Kuperman et al 2003). However, it is small (3 -12 mm; 7 mm on average (Westheide & Müller 1996), and this makes handling more difficult compared with Enchytraeus albidus.…”

Section: Enchytraeidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes

2010

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Enchytraeidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes

2010

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The greatest concentration (10,000 mg/kg) was prepared in several steps using a stock solution of 40 g/L, each time not exceeding 15% (v/w) of soil weight. Acetone was allowed to volatilize for 2 h between the steps [13,16,29]. All treatment groups including the carrier control (no RDX added) received the same quantity of acetone.…”

Section: Preparation Of Rdx-amended Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although RDX was not lethal to soil invertebrates such as adult enchytraeids up to approximately 20,000 mg/kg [13], adverse sublethal effects at lower concentrations have been reported. For example, exposure to RDX in soil can decrease juvenile production in Eisenia andrei [7,8], Enchytraeus albidus [14], and Enchytraeus crypticus [13], with the lowest-observed effect concentration values ranging from 15 to 3,715 mg/kg , depending on the test species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of soil interstitial water in the accumulation of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine in the earthworm Eisenia andrei

Savard

Sarrazin

Dodard

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The uptake of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) from soil by the earthworm Eisenia andrei was examined by using the equilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory and a three‐compartment model including soil (S), interstitial water (IW), and earthworms (E). The RDX concentrations were measured using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Method 8330A and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The S‐IW studies were conducted using four natural soils with contrasting physicochemical properties that were hypothesized to affect the bioavailability of RDX. Each soil was amended with nominal RDX concentrations ranging from 1 to 10,000 mg/kg. The HPLC analysis showed that the IW extracted from soil was saturated with RDX at 80 mg/kg or greater soil concentrations. The calculated S‐IW coefficient (Kp) values for RDX ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 ml/g soil, depending on the soil type, and were influenced by the organic matter content. In the IW‐E studies, earthworms were exposed to nonlethal RDX concentrations in aqueous media. The uptake of RDX by the earthworms correlated well (r2 = 0.99) with the dissolved RDX concentrations. For the E‐S studies, earthworms were exposed to RDX‐amended soils used in the S‐IW studies. The bioconcentration factors (BCF; ratios of E‐to‐IW RDX concentrations) were relatively constant (∼5) up to 80 mg/kg soil RDX concentrations, which encompass the RDX saturation limit in the interstitial water of the tested soils. At this concentration range, the RDX uptake from interstitial water was likely dominated by passive diffusion and could be used as an indicator of bioavailability. Other mechanisms may be involved at greater RDX soil concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:998–1005. © 2009 SETAC

show abstract

“…Seedling emergence values and the respective SFM and SDM data were analyzed independently for each species using nonlinear or linear regression models as described in Stephenson et al (2000) and Kuperman et al (2003). Histograms of the residuals and stem-andleaf graphs were examined to ensure that normality assumptions were met.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that RDX did not significantly degrade under aerobic conditions, and that soil invertebrate toxicities did not significantly change (p ≤ 0.05) when RDX-amended soils were subjected to the weathering-and-aging process Kuperman et al, 2003;Dodard et al, 2005). Therefore, after soils were amended with RDX, concentrations in soils were not monitored until the RDX weathering-and-aging procedures were concluded after 3 months.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of TNT and RDX to Terrestrial Plants in Five Soils with Contrasting Characteristics

Simini¹,

Checkai²,

Phillips³

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)XX-07-2013 REPORT TYPE AUTHOR(S)Simini, Michael; Checkai, Ronald T.; Kuperman, Roman G.; Phillips, Carlton T.; Kolakowski, Jan E.; and Kurnas, Carl W. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Director, ECBC, ATTN: RDCB-DRT-E, APG, MD 21010-5424 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ECBC-TR-1091 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite 17D08, Alexandria, VA 22350-3605 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SERDP SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACT-LIMIT 200 WORDSThis study was designed to produce scientifically defensible benchmark data for the development of ecological-based soil screening levels for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) for terrestrial plants. The physical and chemical properties of different soils may alter the bioavailability and toxicity of TNT and RDX to plant species. We investigated individual ecotoxicities of TNT and RDX to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Japanese millet (J. millet; Echinochloa crus-galli L. [Beauv.]), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in five natural soils that varied in pH, organic matter, and clay contents. On the basis of EC 50 values (the TNT or RDX concentrations that produce 50% reductions in selected measurement endpoints) and 95% confidence intervals for shoot fresh and dry masses (SDM), TNT weathered-and-aged (W-A) in soils significantly reduced (p < 0.05) growth of alfalfa, J. millet, and perennial ryegrass. RDX W-A in soil was moderately inhibitory to growth of J. millet and perennial ryegrass in all five soils but did not affect growth of alfalfa. No statistically significant correlations between TNT toxicity and these soil properties were identified; however, statistically significant (p < 0.05) inverse relationships were identified between the RDX EC 50 values for perennial ryegrass SDM and soil clay content and pH.

show abstract

Survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) in a natural sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes

Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes

Role of soil interstitial water in the accumulation of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine in the earthworm Eisenia andrei

Toxicities of TNT and RDX to Terrestrial Plants in Five Soils with Contrasting Characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About