Survival and growth of outplanted Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

Bledsoe, Caroline S.; Tennyson, K.; Lopushinsky, W.

doi:10.1139/x82-109

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The EMF colonization rate and fungal species richness of the beech trees in our study were similar to those reported in other studies with young trees (Bledsoe et al, 1982;Wilson and Harley, 1983;Hö gberg, 1989;Dahlberg, 2001;Izzo et al, 2006) but were much lower than in oldgrowth forests, where usually 95% to 99% of the vital root tips are colonized by EMF Näsholm et al, 2013). Therefore, the mean N fluxes, which are similar to those reported by others (for example, Hö gberg, 1989: approximately 4 ng N h À 1 RT À 1 ), may be confounded by NM root tips.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Attributing functions to ectomycorrhizal fungal identities in assemblages for nitrogen acquisition under stress

Pena

Polle

2013

The ISME Journal

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Mycorrhizal fungi have a key role in nitrogen (N) cycling, particularly in boreal and temperate ecosystems. However, the significance of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) diversity for this important ecosystem function is unknown. Here, EMF taxon-specific N uptake was analyzed via 15 N isotope enrichment in complex root-associated assemblages and non-mycorrhizal root tips in controlled experiments. Specific 15 N enrichment in ectomycorrhizas, which represents the N influx and export, as well as the exchange of 15 N with the N pool of the root tip, was dependent on the fungal identity. Light or water deprivation revealed interspecific response diversity for N uptake. Partial taxonspecific N fluxes for ectomycorrhizas were assessed, and the benefits of EMF assemblages for plant N nutrition were estimated. We demonstrated that ectomycorrhizal assemblages provide advantages for inorganic N uptake compared with non-mycorrhizal roots under environmental constraints but not for unstressed plants. These benefits were realized via stress activation of distinct EMF taxa, which suggests significant functional diversity within EMF assemblages. We developed and validated a model that predicts net N flux into the plant based on taxon-specific 15 N enrichment in ectomycorrhizal root tips. These results open a new avenue to characterize the functional traits of EMF taxa in complex communities.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Attributing functions to ectomycorrhizal fungal identities in assemblages for nitrogen acquisition under stress

Pena

Polle

2013

The ISME Journal

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“…On the contrary, Danielson (1988) in a study of field competitivity of EMF on jack pine seedlings in western Canada found that Laccaria proxima and Thelephora terrestris had both readily colonized new roots of seedlings after outplanting but were completely superseded by indigenous fungi after one year in the field. In another field study with ectomycorrhizal-inoculated Douglas fir in western North America, Bledsoe et al (1982) obtained similar results: after 5 months, less than 10% of the original seedling feeder roots were mycorrhizal as compared to 20-50% of Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma crustuliniforme mycorrhizae just before outplanting. Furthermore, none of the inoculated fungi were present on the newly formed roots at the base of the root system; these were mainly colonized by indigenous fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Field trials concerning Douglas fir were rarely reported in the literature. Bledsoe et al (1982) observed no positive effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings after outplanting in a dry, burned-over site in eastern Washington, USA, and attributed these unsuccessful results to unsuitable inocula. Enhancement of growth with Douglas-fir seedlings has only been observed in controlledenvironment studies and in nursery situations by Sinclair (1971;1974), Sinclair et al (1982), Bledsoe and Zasoski (1983), Morgan (1985) and Le Tacon and Bouchard (1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Adequate ectomycorrhizal development is vital for normal Douglas-fir seedling growth (Hall and Garden, 1985;McComb and Griffith, 1946;Morgan, 1985;Trappe and Strand, 1969). Poorly mycorrhized seedlings are frequently affected by combined drought and nutrient stress during the first year in the field (Bledsoe et al, 1982), limiting root growth in particular. Since new root growth after outplanting has been shown to be essential for seedlings, mycorrhization seems to be a key factor in establishing seedlings on well drained sites (Grossnickle and Reid, 1982;1983;Parke et al, 1983a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of inoculated Laccaria bicolor in competition with native ectomycorrhizal fungi and effects on the growth of outplanted Douglasfir seedlings

1991

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The survival, development and mycorrhizal efficiency of a selected strain of Laccaria bicolor along with naturally occurring ectomycorrhizal fungi in a young plantation of Douglas fir was examined. Symbionts were identified and their respective colonization abilities were determined. Eight species of symbiotic fungi, which may have originated in adjacent coniferous forests, were observed on the root systems. Mycorrhizal diversity differed between inoculated (5 taxa) and control (8 taxa) seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal fungi which occurred naturally in the nursery on control seedlings (Thelephora terrestris and Suillus sp.) did not survive after outplanting. Both inoculated and naturally occurring Laccaria species, as well as Cenococcum geophilum, survived on the old roots and colonized the newly formed roots, limiting the colonization by other naturally occurring fungi. Other fungi, such as Paxillus involutus, Scleroderma citrinum and Hebeloma sp. preferentially colonized the old roots near the seedling's collar. Russulaceae were found mainly in the middle section of the root system. Mycorrhizai colonization by Laccaria species on inoculated seedlings (54%) was significantly greater than on controls (13%) which were consequently dominated by the native fungi. Significant differences (up to 239%) were found in the growth of inoculated seedlings, especially in root and shoot weight, which developed mainly during the second year after outplanting. Seedling growth varied with the species of mycorrhizae and with the degree of root colonization. Competitiveness and effectiveness of the introduced strain on improving growth performances of seedlings are discussed.

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“…Danielson and Visser [7] found that Laccaria proxima and Thelephora terrestris were completely superseded by naturally occurring fungi one year after transplantation. Bledsoe et al [3] observed on Douglas fir seedlings that Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma crustuliniforme, previously inoculated in nursery, were unable to colonise new-formed roots in field conditions. Villeneuve et al [29] found that mycorrhizal colonisation by Laccaria species (54%) on Laccaria inoculated Douglas fir seedlings was significantly greater that on controls (13%) two years after transplantation in forest conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival after outplanting of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N inoculated on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) cuttings

et al. 2002

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-Selected strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi can be inoculated in forest nurseries to improve survival and growth of seedlings or cuttings after field transplantation. The survival of the American strain Laccaria bicolor S238N on Douglas fir cuttings was evaluated in nursery and field conditions three years after outplanting using morphological and PCR/RFLP of nuclear rDNA spacers. The comparison of the mycorrhizal status of Douglas fir cuttings at the end of the nursery phase and two years after outplanting shown several behaviours among the ectomycorrhizal fungi naturally occurring in the nursery or artificially introduced. The naturally occurring Rhizopogon type disappeared after outplanting, while the inoculated strain Laccaria bicolor S238N and an unknown type (1/2 ITS ribotype) survived and competed with the naturally occurring fungi of the outplanting site. Only one indigenous type (1/3 ITS ribotype) seemed occurring in the outplanting site where Cenococcum geophilum was almost completely absent. Douglas fir / mycorrhizas / nursery / transplantationRésumé -Survie après transplantation de la souche ectomycorhizienne Laccaria bicolor S238N associée à des boutures de Douglas. Des souches sélectionnées de champignons ectomycorhiziens peuvent être inoculées en pépinières forestières afin d'améliorer la survie et la croissance des plants après transplantation en forêt. La survie de la souche fongique américaine Laccaria bicolor S238N associée à des plants de Douglas issus de boutures a été évaluée en pépinière et trois ans après la transplantation sur un site de reboisement par description morphologique et utilisation d'outils moléculaires (PCR/RFLP de l'ADN ribosomal nucléaire). La comparaison du statut mycorhizien des plants de Douglas à la fin de la phase de pépinière et trois ans après la transplantation a permis de mettre en évi-dence plusieurs différences de comportement entre les espèces fongiques naturelles ou introduites de la pépinière. Le Rhizopogon naturellement présent en pépinière disparaît après transplantation, alors que la souche inoculée Laccaria bicolor S238N et un type inconnu (ribotype 1/2 ITS) survivent et montrent une bonne capacité de compétition avec les espèces fongiques naturelles du site de plantation. Seul un ribotype indigène semble avoir une capacité de compétition importante sur le site de plantation où Cenococcum geophilum est presque complètement absent. Douglas / mycorrhizes / pépinière / transplantationAnn. For. Sci. 59 (2002) [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] 81

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Survival and growth of outplanted Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Attributing functions to ectomycorrhizal fungal identities in assemblages for nitrogen acquisition under stress

Attributing functions to ectomycorrhizal fungal identities in assemblages for nitrogen acquisition under stress

Survival of inoculated Laccaria bicolor in competition with native ectomycorrhizal fungi and effects on the growth of outplanted Douglasfir seedlings

Survival after outplanting of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N inoculated on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) cuttings

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