Survival and growth of<i>Pinus patula</i>at two years in response to harvest residue and pest management, in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Rolando, Carol A.; Allan, Ross

doi:10.1080/20702620.2004.10431757

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The contrast of the water treatment with the control indicated that a single application of water at planting did not affect mean survival in any of the two sets of trials. This corresponded with earlier findings by Atkinson and Govender (1997), , Allan and Higgs (2000) and Rolando and Allan (2004).…”

Section: Survival At One Year After Plantingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this study the application of pesticides generally improved survival significantly, as was found in other earlier trials (Atkinson and Govender, 1997;Allan and Higgs, 2000;Rolando and Allan, 2004;Rolando and Little, 2004). The application of fungicide improved survival by 12.8% on average over the control (10% significance level) and a combination of fungicide and insecticide improved survival by 29% on average over the control (5% significance level) at 365 dap.…”

Section: Survival At One Year After Plantingsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…From trial 8, an insecticide and fungicide combination was applied, in addition to the three treatments applied in the earlier trials, as a fourth treatment ( Table 2). These treatments were selected because they had shown previous success in pine re-establishment trials (Atkinson and Laing, 1996;Atkinson, 1997;Higgs, 2000, Rolando andAllan, 2004;Rolando and Little, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…insect-related mortality was estimated by applying insecticide or fungus-related mortality by applying a fungicide and thereafter monitoring the improvement in survival. The previous research conducted by Atkinson and Laing (1996), Atkinson (1997), , Allan and Higgs (2000), Rolando and Allan (2004), Rolando and Little (2004) indicated that application of pesticides at planting improved post establishment survival in general. However, these studies were not conclusive in determining the exact manner in which the pesticides enhanced seedling performance or in identifying and quantifying which insect pests and/or pathogens were causing the mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Post establishment survival ofPinus patulain Mpumalanga, one year after planting

Crous¹

2005

The Southern African Forestry Journal

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SYNOPSISRecent evidence indicated that the pathogen Fusarium circinatum might be contributing significantly to post-planting mortality. Consequently, sixteen experimental sample plots, widely distributed over many localities in Mpumalanga, were established over two growing seasons to quantify the extent of pest and pathogen related in-field mortality. Survival in all treatments was extremely low. There was large variation in response to treatments and survival in the different trials. A single application of fungicide at planting improved survival by 13% on average, while a single application of fungicide and insecticide at planting improved survival by 29% on average. Most of the mortality occurred between 30 and 140 days after planting. Visual inspection of the dead plants indicated that White grubs and Hylastes angustatus caused most of the insect-related mortality. Pathogen isolation from a sub-sample of dying plants indicated that 49% of dying plants were pathogen-free, while F. circinatum was the prevailing fungus, isolated from 42% of the dying plants. It is estimated (95% confidence level) that F. circinatum was responsible for an 18.5% to 31.5% decline in survival in the monitored compartments,

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Section: Survival At One Year After Plantingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Survival At One Year After Plantingsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Post establishment survival ofPinus patulain Mpumalanga, one year after planting

Crous¹

2005

The Southern African Forestry Journal

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“…Although there is no doubt that much of the poor survival is related to contamination/infection by F. circinatum in South Africa, it is notable that other factors also play a contributing role in survival, especially with regards to P. patula. The effects of high temperatures, drought, insects and other pathogens have all been known to affect the survival of P. patula (Morris 1990, 1991, Allan and Higgs 2000, Rolando and Allan 2004). An increase in herbicide damage to young P. patula plantings has also been noted (RGM unpublished data).…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Mitchell

Steenkamp

Coutinho

et al. 2011

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

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Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded as one of the most important threats to pine plantations by a pathogen. Fusarium circinatum was first discovered in South Africa in 1990 where it infected Pinus patula seedlings in a nursery. Subsequently, the pathogen spread to pine nurseries in all other parts of the country, where it affects several Pinus species. Fusarium circinatum then appeared in the field where it has resulted in large-scale mortality of mostly young P. patula seedlings after planting. Pitch canker first appeared on mature P. radiata in 2006 and sporadic outbreaks of the disease have occurred subsequently on this species and on P. greggii in the western, southern and north-eastern Cape. Pinus patula is the most important softwood species grown in South Africa, comprising 50% of all softwoods planted, and is highly susceptible to F. circinatum. The pathogen, therefore, poses a potentially devastating threat to the future sustainability of the South African softwood industry. Strategic measures to minimise further spread are urgently needed. This review presents an overview of the impact that F. circinatum has had on South African forestry, and it considers the long-term prospects for pine forestry in the country as this relates to the presence of the pitch canker fungus.

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An assessment of the impact of pesticides applied at planting on survival of pines during regeneration, in South Africa

Rolando¹

2006

South African Journal of Botany

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Survival and growth ofPinus patulaat two years in response to harvest residue and pest management, in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Post establishment survival ofPinus patulain Mpumalanga, one year after planting

Post establishment survival ofPinus patulain Mpumalanga, one year after planting

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

An assessment of the impact of pesticides applied at planting on survival of pines during regeneration, in South Africa

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