Survival and extinction of sex-determining mechanisms in Cretaceous tetrapods

Escobedo-Galván, Armando H.; González‐Salazar, Constantino

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.02.016

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The lack of evidence of an effect of SDM on diversification contradicts the expectation that TSD species should be more vulnerable to extinction as climate change can drastically bias TSD sex ratios (Janzen ; Neuwald and Valenzuela ), as well as counter reports that TSD reptilian families suffered lower extinction rates than GSD families during the Cretaceous/Palaeogene transition (Silber et al. ; Escobedo‐Galvan and Gonzalez‐Salazar ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Our findings agree with previous family-level analysis of reptiles and birds, which detected no association between speciation rates and SDMs (Organ and Janes 2008), although it should be noted that their results could also be due to the lower power of family-level analyses (Organ and Janes 2008) and the fact that their study combined a family-level tree with a model that assumes complete sampling (Organ and Janes 2008). The lack of evidence of an effect of SDM on diversification contradicts the expectation that TSD species should be more vulnerable to extinction as climate change can drastically bias TSD sex ratios (Janzen 1994;Neuwald and Valenzuela 2011), as well as counter reports that TSD reptilian families suffered lower extinction rates than GSD families during the Cretaceous/Palaeogene transition (Silber et al 2011;Escobedo-Galvan and Gonzalez-Salazar 2012).…”

Section: Sdm and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, TSD families appeared to have suffered lower extinction rates than GSD lineages during the climate change of the Cretaceous/Palaeogene transition (Silber et al. ; Escobedo‐Galvan and Gonzalez‐Salazar ). This observation suggests that TSD taxa may have been better adapted to past climate change than GSD taxa due to their phenotypic plasticity (Kallimanis ; Escobedo‐Galvan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex determination, longevity, and the birth and death of reptilian species

Sabath

Itescu

Feldman

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Vertebrate sex‐determining mechanisms (SDMs) are triggered by the genotype (GSD), by temperature (TSD), or occasionally, by both. The causes and consequences of SDM diversity remain enigmatic. Theory predicts SDM effects on species diversification, and life‐span effects on SDM evolutionary turnover. Yet, evidence is conflicting in clades with labile SDMs, such as reptiles. Here, we investigate whether SDM is associated with diversification in turtles and lizards, and whether alterative factors, such as lifespan's effect on transition rates, could explain the relative prevalence of SDMs in turtles and lizards (including and excluding snakes). We assembled a comprehensive dataset of SDM states for squamates and turtles and leveraged large phylogenies for these two groups. We found no evidence that SDMs affect turtle, squamate, or lizard diversification. However, SDM transition rates differ between groups. In lizards TSD‐to‐GSD surpass GSD‐to‐TSD transitions, explaining the predominance of GSD lizards in nature. SDM transitions are fewer in turtles and the rates are similar to each other (TSD‐to‐GSD equals GSD‐to‐TSD), which, coupled with TSD ancestry, could explain TSD's predominance in turtles. These contrasting patterns can be explained by differences in life history. Namely, our data support the notion that in general, shorter lizard lifespan renders TSD detrimental favoring GSD evolution in squamates, whereas turtle longevity permits TSD retention. Thus, based on the macro‐evolutionary evidence we uncovered, we hypothesize that turtles and lizards followed different evolutionary trajectories with respect to SDM, likely mediated by differences in lifespan. Combined, our findings revealed a complex evolutionary interplay between SDMs and life histories that warrants further research that should make use of expanded datasets on unexamined taxa to enable more conclusive analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Sdm and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex determination, longevity, and the birth and death of reptilian species

Sabath

Itescu

Feldman

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent literature highlights the potential impact of anthropogenically‐driven climate change effects on species with temperature dependent sex determination (TSD), a form of environmental sex determination (ESD). Predicted effects on a variety of reptiles range from increased extinction risk caused by an extreme skewing of sex ratios (Janzen, ; Miller et al, ; Nelson et al, ; Mitchell et al, ; Pintus et al, ; Kallimanis, ; Mitchell and Janzen, ; Escobedo‐Galván and González‐Salazar, ; Woolgar et al, ) to more optimistic expectations of resiliency (Warner and Shine, ; Hulin et al, ; Kallimanis, ; Silber et al, ; Marcovaldi et al, ). The lack of agreement suggests that the quality and scope of available data, as well as the analytical approaches used, may leave much to be desired!…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loggerhead sea turtle environmental sex determination: Implications of moisture and temperature for climate change based predictions for species survival

Wyneken

Lolavar

2015

J Exp Zool Pt B

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It has been proposed that because marine turtles have environmentally determined sex by incubation temperature, elevated temperatures might skew sex ratios to unsustainable levels, leading to extinction. Elevated temperatures may also reduce availability of suitable nesting sites via sea level rise. Increased tropical storm activity can directly affect nest site moisture, embryonic development, and the probability that nests will survive. Here, we question some of these assumptions and review the limits of sex ratio estimates. Sea turtles may be more resilient to climate change than previously thought, in part because of hitherto unappreciated mechanisms for coping with variable incubation conditions.

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“…Incubation temperatures exceeding this range in either direction, colder or warmer, may cause the development of only one sex and ultimately skewed sex ratios in populations. In previous studies, authors assume that sex-determining mechanisms may strongly affect the survival probability of a species in a geological time frame [131]. Recently, there is a considerable debate about how the impact of human-induced climate changes might affect species with TSD [132]–[133], and some studies underline that climate change might jeopardize sex ratios and therefore cause severe population decline and extinction [134].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Significance of Paleophylogeographic Species Distribution Models in Reconstructing Quaternary Range-Shifts of Nearctic Chelonians

et al. 2013

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The climatic cycles of the Quaternary, during which global mean annual temperatures have regularly changed by 5–10°C, provide a special opportunity for studying the rate, magnitude, and effects of geographic responses to changing climates. During the Quaternary, high- and mid-latitude species were extirpated from regions that were covered by ice or otherwise became unsuitable, persisting in refugial retreats where the environment was compatible with their tolerances. In this study we combine modern geographic range data, phylogeny, Pleistocene paleoclimatic models, and isotopic records of changes in global mean annual temperature, to produce a temporally continuous model of geographic changes in potential habitat for 59 species of North American turtles over the past 320 Ka (three full glacial-interglacial cycles). These paleophylogeographic models indicate the areas where past climates were compatible with the modern ranges of the species and serve as hypotheses for how their geographic ranges would have changed in response to Quaternary climate cycles. We test these hypotheses against physiological, genetic, taxonomic and fossil evidence, and we then use them to measure the effects of Quaternary climate cycles on species distributions. Patterns of range expansion, contraction, and fragmentation in the models are strongly congruent with (i) phylogeographic differentiation; (ii) morphological variation; (iii) physiological tolerances; and (iv) intraspecific genetic variability. Modern species with significant interspecific differentiation have geographic ranges that strongly fluctuated and repeatedly fragmented throughout the Quaternary. Modern species with low genetic diversity have geographic distributions that were highly variable and at times exceedingly small in the past. Our results reveal the potential for paleophylogeographic models to (i) reconstruct past geographic range modifications, (ii) identify geographic processes that result in genetic bottlenecks; and (iii) predict threats due to anthropogenic climate change in the future.

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Survival and extinction of sex-determining mechanisms in Cretaceous tetrapods

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Sex determination, longevity, and the birth and death of reptilian species

Sex determination, longevity, and the birth and death of reptilian species

Loggerhead sea turtle environmental sex determination: Implications of moisture and temperature for climate change based predictions for species survival

Evaluating the Significance of Paleophylogeographic Species Distribution Models in Reconstructing Quaternary Range-Shifts of Nearctic Chelonians

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