Survival and development of five species of cyclopoid copepods in relation to food supply: experiments with algal food in a flow‐through system

Hopp, Ulrich; Maier, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01417.x

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…While actual threshold values are not given, clear differences therein can be inferred from the contrasting food levels required to reach maturity in five cyclopoid taxa (Hopp & Maier, 2005). Higher thresholds in two Cyclops species that undergo summer diapause than in taxa that do not (Acanthocyclops, Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops) is consistent with a prior suggestion (Santer & Lampert, 1995) that summer diapause is a strategy to avoid a food bottleneck for nauplii.…”

Section: Body Size In Relation To Extrinsic Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Body size in freshwater planktonic crustaceans: an overview of extrinsic determinants and modifying influences of biotic interactions

Hart

Bychek

2010

Hydrobiologia

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In view of its fundamental and pervasive influences and impacts on organism physiology and ecology, body size is recognized as a key component of evolutionary fitness and serves as the cornerstone of a seminal contribution in freshwater zooplankton ecology-the Size Efficiency Hypothesis (SEH) of Brooks & Dodson (Science 150:28-35, 1965). While the roles and implications of body size in predation and competition-central tenets of the SEH-have been widely considered and reviewed, no broader integrated synthesis exists of the collective array of body size determinants and their implications in the ecology in crustacean zooplankton-a numerically and functionally dominant group of aquatic organisms. Focusing on planktonic Cladocera and Copepoda in inland waters, in particular, we provide a wide-ranging overview of the direct and/or indirect effects of environmental conditions, consumable resources and biotic interactions that independently and/or collectively influence the phenotypic expression of body size (particularly as length), both within and between species. Some indirect ultimate evolutionary consequences of body size are considered, and we identify some controversies and unresolved issues related to this biologically crucial trait. While by no means exhaustive, our overview reveals a complex nexus of extrinsic proximate abiotic and biotic factors and interactions that influence body size, the phenotypic expression of which in natural systems commonly reflects contrasting outcomes related to conflicting direct and/or indirect selective pressures. In general, however, body size (both interand intra specifically) declines with rising temperature and increases with rising food supply (depending on its quality), although both temperature and food supply exert contrary influences on particular taxa (or life history stages) under certain environmental circumstances. Predation undoubtedly has an overriding influence on body size selection. Depending on its mechanistic basis (visual, tactile or both in tandem), it selectively favours either small or large body size, both within (adults vs. juveniles) and between prey species, which are accordingly often 'size-trapped' between contrasting selective pressures, with consequent indirect effects. The bioenergetics of fundamental physiological processes undoubtedly set constraints on body size and serve as the primary determinant. However, within such

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Section: Body Size In Relation To Extrinsic Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Body size in freshwater planktonic crustaceans: an overview of extrinsic determinants and modifying influences of biotic interactions

Hart

Bychek

2010

Hydrobiologia

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“…Both species are omnivorous (Tó th and Zá nkai 1985;Tóth et al 1987;Adrian 1991) and have similar diets including juvenile stages of their own genus (Adrian 1991;Krylov et al 1996). However, the larger species C. vicinus has higher ingestion rates for both algal and zooplankton prey (Adrian 1991;Krylov et al 1996) and is known for its high food demand (Santer and Lampert 1995;Hopp and Maier 2005). This is in line with observed declining populations of C. vicinus in lakes undergoing reoligotrophication (Seebens et al 2008), or their prominence in highly eutrophic lakes (Adrian and Deneke 1996;Adrian 1997;Maier 1998).…”

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confidence: 52%

Threshold‐driven shifts in two copepod species: Testing ecological theory with observational data

Scharfenberger

Mahdy

Adrian

2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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We used an observed abrupt shift in the dominance pattern of two coexisting copepod species in Mü ggelsee, a shallow eutrophic lake in Germany, to investigate mechanisms leading to this shift, by embedding our findings into the framework of intraguild predation theory and theoretical scenarios of threshold-driven regime shifts. We proposed that the abrupt increase in Cyclops kolensis, changing its status from a rare to the dominant species as available algal prey declined in the lake, was due to its superior exploitative competition for commonly consumed algal prey. However, C. kolensis was only able to thrive in the emerging low food niche when abundances of competing larger Cyclops vicinus, a predator of C. kolensis juveniles, fell below a critical threshold. This is consistent with the ''state threshold scenario'' of regime shift theory, for which a response variable exhibits an abrupt shift, here C. kolensis, after the driver (C. vicinus) crosses a threshold. We confirmed the nonlinear relationship between the two copepod species by excluding potentially matching abrupt changes in other abiotic and biotic driving variables, and successfully classifying C. kolensis abundance probability on the basis of C. vicinus abundances using logistic generalized linear modeling. C. vicinus decline followed the ''driver threshold scenario'' of regime shift theory, whereby an abrupt change in a driver (cryptophytes) causes a sudden shift in a response variable (C. vicinus). We illustrated how observational data on plankton communities match predictions derived from ecological theory.

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“…Diapause may be induced by unfavorably high or low temperature, photoperiod, crowding, or metabolic products of the copepod population (Marcus 1980, Hairston et al 1990, Ban 1992. Also, copepods may produce dormant stages when food is limited (Hopp & Maier 2005), or as part of a seasonal strategy to take advantage of predictable phytoplankton blooms (Norrbin 1994, Santer 1998. Synchronous emergence from dormancy through environmental signals such as increasing temperature could infuse the population with enough prospective mates to minimize Allee effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating success and its consequences for population growth in an estuarine copepod

Choi¹,

Kimmerer²

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We conducted experiments on mating success of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis in the San Francisco Estuary, USA. The experimental approach was to isolate virgin pairs (one male and one female) in containers varying in volume from 0.03 to 32 l for 2, 4, or 8 h. Mating was considered successful if viable eggs were produced by individual females subsequently incubated for up to 5 d. The experimental data were analyzed by fitting a 3-parameter model to the data to determine the volume search rate of males. Mating frequencies indicated a volume search rate for E. affinis males of 7.2 ± 4.0 l h -1 (172 ± 96 l d -1, 95% CL), about 20-fold higher than that for Acartia hudsonica previously determined by a similar method. A simple population model showed that the critical population density needed to maintain the E. affinis population can be well below the seasonally low abundance of this copepod in the San Francisco Estuary. The low critical density may allow population persistence in an estuary without the production of resting eggs. KEY WORDS: Copepod mating · Allee effects · Population growth · Volume search rate Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 377: [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191] 2009 (Katona 1973, Griffiths & Frost 1976, van Leeuwen & Maly 1991, Yen et al. 1998. Increasing detection range increases the volume search rate, i.e. the volume searched by males for females per unit time (Kiørboe 2007), which, in turn, reduces the population density needed to prevent mate limitation (Choi & Kimmerer 2008).In the present study, we determined the volume search rate for males of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis and assessed the consequences of this rate for population recovery from low abundance. E. affinis (~1 mm total length) is a dominant species in many temperate estuaries, usually inhabiting lowsalinity areas, and is often associated with the maximum turbidity zone (e.g. Hough & Naylor 1991, Peitsch et al. 2000, David et al. 2005). The copepod is also an important food source for macrozooplankton such as mysids and many estuarine-dependent fishes such as striped bass Morone saxatilis (Burkill & Kendall 1982, Meng & Orsi 1991, Thorp & Casper 2003. E. affinis is capable of producing resting eggs in response to environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, and crowding (Ban & Minoda 1992, Ban 1992. Mating behavior and fertilization have been well documented (Heinle 1970, Katona 1973, Katona 1975. Mate finding in E. affinis is asymmetric in that the female produces a pheromone signal and searches primarily for food, whereas the male detects the pheromone and pursues the female (Katona 1973). It is not well understood, however, how this mating behavior relates to population growth (Kiørboe 2007) and, in particular, how dilute the population can become before it is unable to recover.In the San Francisco Estuary, Eurytemora affinis has historically been abundant and reproductively active throughout the year i...

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Survival and development of five species of cyclopoid copepods in relation to food supply: experiments with algal food in a flow‐through system

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Body size in freshwater planktonic crustaceans: an overview of extrinsic determinants and modifying influences of biotic interactions

Body size in freshwater planktonic crustaceans: an overview of extrinsic determinants and modifying influences of biotic interactions

Threshold‐driven shifts in two copepod species: Testing ecological theory with observational data

Mating success and its consequences for population growth in an estuarine copepod

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