Survival analysis—part 2: Cox proportional hazards model

Deo, Salil V.; Deo, Vaishali; Sundaram, Varun

doi:10.1007/s12055-020-01108-7

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Regarding survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier curve with log rank test was performed first to visualize survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to determine hazard ratios 21 . All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA) and GraphPad Prism software, version 9.5.0 (GraphPad Software).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival outcome of ependymoma in infants

Yin

2023

Preprint

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Objectives: The treatment modalities of ependymoma in infants remains controversial. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) could prolong the overall survival but has the potential to affecting nervous system development in infants. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in prolonging overall survival for infants with ependymoma is still unclear. Therefore, we designed this study to explore the effect of treatment modalities on survival time of infants with ependymoma. Methods: A total of 72 infants with ependymoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in this retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were adopted to determine hazard ratios and to compare overall survival. Results: Among 72 infants with ependymoma, 35 were male (48.6%) and 37 were female (51.4%). The 5-year overall survival of all patients was 67.0%. 46 infants (63.9%) received gross total resection (GTR), 20 (27.8%) received subtotal resection (STR), and 6 (8.3%) did not receive surgical resection or only autopsy. 21 infants (29.2%) received RT, and 45 (62.5%) received CT. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients accepted surgical resection (No vs GTR, P < 0.001; No vs STR, P = 0.026) and chemotherapy (No vs Yes, P = 0.024) are the independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusion: Treatment modality is associated with survival time in infants with ependymoma. The extent of resection and CT were independent prognostic factors for infants with ependymoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival outcome of ependymoma in infants

Yin

2023

Preprint

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“…A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the association between 30-day mortality and OAC medication adjusted for confounding variables 14 selected based on a p<0.05 in univariate analysis and potential confounders judged by clinical experts who were blind to the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival benefits of oral anticoagulation therapy in acute kidney injury patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study from the MIMIC-IV database

Wang

2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo find out the effect of different oral anticoagulation therapies (OAC) on mortality rate in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and atrial fibrillation (AF).DesignA retrospective study.SettingThis study was conducted in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database.ParticipantsA total of 19 672 patients diagnosed with AKI.Main outcome measuresPatients were categorised into three groups: (1) AF; (2) AKI and AF, OAC−; (3) AKI and AF, OAC+. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were the length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox proportional hazards model adjusted confounding factors. Linear regression was applied to assess the associations between OAC treatment and LOS.ResultsAfter PSM, 2042 pairs of AKI and AF patients were matched between the patients who received OAC and those without anticoagulant treatment. Cox regression analysis showed that, OAC significantly reduce 30-day mortality compared with non-OAC (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.35; p<0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that OAC prolong LOS in hospital (11.3 days vs 10.0 days; p=0.013) and ICU (4.9 days vs 4.4 days; p<0.001). OAC did not improve survival in patients with haemorrhage (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.34 to 1.29; p=0.23). Novel OAC did not reduce mortality in acute-on-chronic renal injury (HR 2.03; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.78; p=0.025) patients compared with warfarin.ConclusionOAC administration was associated with improved short-term survival in AKI patients concomitant with AF.

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“…According to Yu et al ( 21 ), the response variable corresponds to the time until the occurrence of an event of interest. Survival data sets are characterized by failure times, whose important characteristic is the presence of censoring, which represents the partial observation of the response ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kaplan–Meier estimator stands out for estimating survival curves ( 23 ). The Kaplan–Meier estimator allows for testing hypotheses that do not require assumptions about the distribution of data ( 24 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cox model and decision trees: an application to breast cancer data

Pereira

Silva

Fidelis

et al. 2022

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. To evaluate, using semiparametric methodologies of survival analysis, the relationship between covariates and time to death of patients with breast cancer, as well as the determination discriminatory power in the conditional inference tree of patients who had cancer. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from medical records of women who had breast cancer and underwent treatment between 2005 and 2015 at the Hospital da Fundação de Assistencial da Paraíba in Campina Grande, State of Paraiba, Brazil. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression, and conditional decision tree. Results. Women with triple-negative molecular subtypes had a shorter survival time compared to women with positive hormone receptors. The addition of hormone therapy reduced the risk of a patient dying by 5.5%, and the risk of a HER2-positive patient dying was 34.5% lower compared to those who were negative for this gene. Patients undergoing hormone therapy had a median survival time of 4 753 days. Conclusions. This paper shows a favorable scenario for the use of immunotherapy for patients with HER2 overexpression. Further studies could assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with other conditions, to favor the prognosis and better quality of life for the patient.

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Survival analysis—part 2: Cox proportional hazards model

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival outcome of ependymoma in infants

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival outcome of ependymoma in infants

Survival benefits of oral anticoagulation therapy in acute kidney injury patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study from the MIMIC-IV database

Cox model and decision trees: an application to breast cancer data

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