Survival advantage of cyromazine‐resistant sheep blowfly larvae on dicyclanil‐ and cyromazine‐treated Merinos

Levot, G. W.; Langfield, BJ; Aiken, DJ

doi:10.1111/avj.12251

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the blowfly has now developed resistance to some of these insecticides, with organophosphate- and benzoylphenylurea-based products no longer being effective ( Sandeman et al., 2014 ). Resistance to the widely-used substituted diaminotriazine compound cyromazine has also been reported recently ( Levot, 2012 , Levot et al., 2014 ). As the Australian sheep industry currently relies on such insecticides derived from this single chemical family to which resistance has been detected, there is an urgent need for new insecticides that preferably have a different mechanism of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Histone deacetylase enzymes as drug targets for the control of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

Kotze

Hines

Bagnall

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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The Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, is an ecto-parasite that causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry. Emerging resistance to insecticides used to protect sheep from this parasite is driving the search for new drugs that act via different mechanisms. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes essential for regulating eukaryotic gene transcription, are prospective new insecticides based on their capacity to kill human parasites. The blowfly genome was found here to contain five HDAC genes corresponding to human HDACs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 11. The catalytic domains of blowfly HDACs 1 and 3 have high sequence identity with corresponding human and other Dipteran insect HDACs (Musca domestica and Drosophila melanogaster). On the other hand, HDACs 4, 6 and 11 from the blowfly and the other Dipteran species showed up to 53% difference in catalytic domain amino acids from corresponding human sequences, suggesting the possibility of developing HDAC inhibitors specific for insects as desired for a commercial insecticide. Differences in transcription patterns for different blowfly HDACs through the life cycle, and between the sexes of adult flies, suggest different functions in regulating gene transcription within this organism and possibly different vulnerabilities. Data that supports HDACs as possible new insecticide targets is the finding that trichostatin A and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid retarded growth of early instar blowfly larvae in vitro, and reduced the pupation rate. Trichostatin A was 8-fold less potent than the commercial insecticide cyromazine in inhibiting larval growth. Our results support further development of inhibitors of blowfly HDACs with selectivity over human and other mammalian HDACs as a new class of prospective insecticides for sheep blowfly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Histone deacetylase enzymes as drug targets for the control of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

Kotze

Hines

Bagnall

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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“…The introduction of dicyclanil, a chemical with a similar mode of action to cyromazine, followed and had a 10-fold higher efficacy than cyromazine and diflubenzuron, and provided season-long flystrike prevention (Schmid et al, 1999). Dicyclanil continues to be used as a successful preventative compound against flystrike, even partially cyromazine-resistant individuals, which can be controlled using a thorough application of the recommended therapeutic doses of this and cyromazine products (Levot et al, 2014;Sandeman et al, 2014). However, these resistant individuals have been found to be able to initiate flystrike on cyromazine-and dicyclaniltreated sheep more rapidly than on susceptible sheep (Levot et al, 2014).…”

Section: Treatment and Insecticide Resistance Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dicyclanil continues to be used as a successful preventative compound against flystrike, even partially cyromazine-resistant individuals, which can be controlled using a thorough application of the recommended therapeutic doses of this and cyromazine products (Levot et al, 2014;Sandeman et al, 2014). However, these resistant individuals have been found to be able to initiate flystrike on cyromazine-and dicyclaniltreated sheep more rapidly than on susceptible sheep (Levot et al, 2014). In addition, crossresistance to dicyclanil in cyromazine-resistant mutants of L. cuprina has also been detected (Magoc et al, 2005).…”

Section: Treatment and Insecticide Resistance Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blow to the fly — Lucilia cuprina draft genome and transcriptome to support advances in biology and biotechnology

Anstead

Batterham

Korhonen

et al. 2016

Biotechnology Advances

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The blow fly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) is a parasitic insect of major global economic importance. Maggots of this fly parasitize the skin of animal hosts, feed on excretions and tissues, and cause severe disease (flystrike or myiasis). Although there has been considerable research on L. cuprina over the years, little is understood about the molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics of this parasitic fly, as well as its relationship with its hosts and the disease that it causes. This situation might change with the recent report of the draft genome and transcriptome of this blow fly, which has given new and global insights into its biology, interactions with the host animal and aspects of insecticide resistance at the molecular level. This genomic resource will likely enable many fundamental and applied research areas in the future. The present article gives a background on L. cuprina and myiasis, a brief account of past and current treatment, prevention and control approaches, and provides a perspective on the impact that the L. cuprina genome should have on future research of this and related parasitic flies, and the design of new and improved interventions for myiasis.

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“…Low level resistance was defined in vitro as a strain which survived the cyromazine susceptible discriminating concentration (SDC) but not eight-fold the SDC. Survival of eight-fold the cyromazine SDC was considered by Levot et al (2014) as the worst-case scenario following intense selection pressure unless a second resistance mechanism evolved to dicyclanil. At that time, an in vivo study by Levot et al (2014), using a strain with eight-fold resistance to cyromazine and three-fold to dicyclanil, established that the periods of protection provided by both cyromazine and dicyclanil based products were reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicyclanil resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, substantially reduces flystrike protection by dicyclanil and cyromazine based products

Sales

Suann

Koeford

2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Late in 2017, field samples of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina , were submitted by sheep producers from three states of Australia (South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales). Some were collected by submitters concerned about shortened periods of flystrike protection from dicyclanil based products. Neonate larval offspring from the NSW field samples survived and successfully completed their life cycles following exposure to dicyclanil and cyromazine at susceptible discriminating concentrations in vitro . The in vivo study reported here used dicyclanil resistant neonate larvae to assess the flystrike protection provided by a cyromazine jetting fluid and a number of dicyclanil based spray-on products, when applied to sheep six weeks after shearing. The two dicyclanil resistant blowfly strains used in this study showed in vitro resistance ratios, at the LC50, of approximately 13- and 25-fold relative to a dicyclanil and cyromazine susceptible strain. Compared to the levels of resistance that L. cuprina has developed to other insecticides these are relatively low, however, three dicyclanil based spray–on products (active ingredient 12.5 g/L, 50 g/L and 65 g/L) had protection periods reduced by 73%, 78% and 69% respectively when compared to the maximum protection periods claimed by the manufacturer. A 50% and a 33% reduction in protection period was also observed to a cyromazine and an ivermectin based jetting fluid respectively. In contrast, protection periods were attained or exceeded regardless of the treatment used against field derived dicyclanil susceptible neonate larvae. For the first time we confirm that dicyclanil resistance enables the completion of the L. cuprina life cycle following flystrike initiation on dicyclanil or cyromazine treated sheep when insecticide levels are considered high and protective. This study also provides in vivo information on the effect of dicyclanil resistance on the protection provided by a product with an active ingredient belonging to an unrelated insecticide group. Dicyclanil resistance is of major concern to the Australian sheep industry.

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Survival advantage of cyromazine‐resistant sheep blowfly larvae on dicyclanil‐ and cyromazine‐treated Merinos

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Histone deacetylase enzymes as drug targets for the control of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

Histone deacetylase enzymes as drug targets for the control of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina

A blow to the fly — Lucilia cuprina draft genome and transcriptome to support advances in biology and biotechnology

Dicyclanil resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, substantially reduces flystrike protection by dicyclanil and cyromazine based products

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