Surveying Aviation Professionals on the Security of the Air Traffic Control System

Strohmeier, Martin; Niedbala, Anna K.; Schäfer, Matthias; Lenders, Vincent; Martinovic, Ivan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16874-2_10

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…that scenario. Likert-type surveys have been used in several previous studies that aimed to measure responses of aviation professionals on other topics (Thomson et al 2004;Strohmeier et al, 2018;Sieberichs and Kluge, 2018;Arcúrio et al, 2018). The five-point scale was chosen for this study as research suggests five to seven points are ideal (McKelvie 1978;Hinkin 1998), and at least four points are needed to test the homogeneity of items within each latent construct (Harvey et al, 1985).…”

Section: (Passengers Report Alleged Suspicious Person)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were several challenges that made it difficult to obtain data from a larger number of participants in this study. The aviation community as a whole tends to be a highly guarded community (Strohmeier et al, 2018), especially when discussing security procedures. All of the aircrew that declined to participate in the study mentioned not wanting to discuss security issues or concern for inadvertently disclosing sensitive security information (SSI) even though they were assured no SSI would be elicited or divulged in this study.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in risk perception of onboard security threats by aircrew and aviation security experts

Derrickson

Tripathi

2022

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

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Section: (Passengers Report Alleged Suspicious Person)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in risk perception of onboard security threats by aircrew and aviation security experts

Derrickson

Tripathi

2022

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

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“…Such radio communication systems are used for communication between the pilot and ATC to ensure that the aircraft flies along the prescribed airways. These systems are also important for pilots as they are used as a medium to provide vital ATC information regarding aircraft clearance, adequate aircraft separation, weather bulletins, and the sharing of relevant flight-related data between the control tower and pilots [20], [30], [31]. In addition, other non-ATC-related information can also be transmitted for safe operations, such as flight planning, crew assignment, maintenance, airport ground handling, weather information, and communication between the aircraft and the airline operator.…”

Section: Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Cybersecurity in Civil Aviation, Including Developing and Applying Aviation Cybersecurity Risk Assessment

Elmarady¹,

Rahouma

2021

IEEE Access

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In addition to the importance of safety in civil aviation, the significance of cybersecurity in the aviation sector cannot be ignored, and this fact has often been highlighted owing to frequent cyber-attacks that denigrate victim(s) and also lead to political and economic controversies. Cybersecurity has recently received a major boost, with the shift of air navigation facilities from analog ground-based systems to digital space-based systems to accommodate the tremendous growth in air traffic density. Furthermore, most air navigation facilities have open designs that tend to overlook security concerns. In this regard, identifying a systematic methodology for aviation cybersecurity risk assessment is a key element in the identification of potential threats, and assessment of their likelihood and risk levels, whereby risks can be reduced to tolerable levels through appropriate mitigation measures. Existing review articles have not addressed cybersecurity in all the various aviation systems, and have not considered a systematic methodology for aviation cybersecurity risk assessment. This paper therefore presents a systematic qualitative and quantitative cybersecurity risk assessment methodology for legacy and next-generation critical infrastructure in aviation systems, such as air-ground communication, radio navigation aids, aeronautical surveillance, and system-wide information management (SWIM). Our analysis shows that the communication, navigation, and surveillance systems with the highest risk levels are very-high frequency voice communication, satellitebased navigation, and automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, respectively, while those with the lowest risk levels are controller-pilot data link communication, ground-based radio navigation aids, and secondary surveillance radar, respectively. Furthermore, the risk level of potential cyber-attacks in SWIM is medium.

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“…The system integrates additional data and transmits the information on radio-based communication. Using this system allows air traffic controllers and aircraft to obtain accurate information about the aircraft’s locations and flight paths, which, in turn, allows for safer operations, more direct flight paths, and cost savings for operators [ 2 , 3 ]. To this end, understanding the ADS-B technology is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyberattack on Flight Safety: Detection and Mitigation Using LoRa

Ronen

Ben‐Moshe

2021

Sensors

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is the main communication system currently being used in Air Traffic Control (ATC) around the world. The ADS-B system is planned to be a key component of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) NextGen plan, which will manage the increasingly congested airspace in the coming decades. While the benefits of ADS-B are widely known, its lack of security measures and its vulnerability to cyberattacks such as jamming and spoofing is a great concern for flight safety experts. In this paper, we first summarize the cyberattacks and challenges related to ADS-B’s vulnerabilities. Thereafter, we present theoretical and practical methods for implementing an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system as a possible additional safety layer to mitigate the presented cyber-vulnerabilities. Finally, a set of simulations and field experiments is presented to test the expected performance of the suggested IoT flight safety system. We conjecture that the presented system can be implemented in a wide range of civilian airplanes, leading to an improvement in flight safety in cases of cyberattacks or the absence of reliable ADS-B communication.

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Surveying Aviation Professionals on the Security of the Air Traffic Control System

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Difference in risk perception of onboard security threats by aircrew and aviation security experts

Difference in risk perception of onboard security threats by aircrew and aviation security experts

Studying Cybersecurity in Civil Aviation, Including Developing and Applying Aviation Cybersecurity Risk Assessment

Cyberattack on Flight Safety: Detection and Mitigation Using LoRa

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