Surveying arsenic occurrence

Frey, Michelle; Edwards, Marc

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08198.x

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Arsenic also was frequently detected in previous studies. For example, arsenic concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 µg/L were detected in 58 percent of groundwater sources in United States drinking-water supplies in the National Arsenic Occurrence Survey (Frey and Edwards, 1997). Arsenic concentrations were greater than the MCL of 10 µg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006a) in about 10 percent of source-water samples in this study (table 11) (Nordstrom, 2002).…”

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Arsenic concentrations greater than the MCL were detected in public-well samples from all system sizes, but about one-half of the samples with arsenic concentrations greater than the MCL were collected from large and very large systems (data not shown). Similarly, Frey and Edwards (1997) reported that arsenic concentrations were highest in large groundwater-supplied public water systems serving more than 10,000 people. System size may be related to multiple factors, such as well capacity (pumping rate), groundwater contributing area, usage patterns, and well drilling and maintenance practices.…”

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Toccalino¹,

Norman²,

Hitt³

2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.Suggested citation: Toccalino, P.L., Norman, J.E., and Hitt, K.J., 2010, Quality of source water from public-supply wells in the United States, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010 p. Additional information about this study is available at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studies/public_wells/.iii Foreword The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with reliable scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov). Information on the Nation's water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, now measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems.The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991 to support national, regional, state, and local information needs and decisions related to water-quality management and policy (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). The NAWQA Program is designed to answer: What is the quality of our Nation's streams and groundwater? How are conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human activities affect the quality of streams and groundwater, and where are those effects most pronounced? By combining information on water chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide science-based insights for current and emerging water issues and priorities. From 1991From -2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments and established a baseline understanding of water-quality conditions in 51 of the Nation's river basins and aquifers, referred to as Study Units (http://water. usgs.gov/nawqa/studyu.html).National and regional assessments are ongoing in the second decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) of the NAWQA Program as 42 of the 51 Study Units are selectively reassessed. These assessments extend the findings in the Study Units by determining status and trends a...

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Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Toccalino¹,

Norman²,

Hitt³

2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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“…The NAOS study (Frey and Edwards 1997) found that most drinking water supplies are already at arsenic levels of 2 to 3 µg/ L, which results in an exposure of 2.2 to 3.3 µg/day assuming a daily intake of 1.1 L tap water. We estimate that food and drinking water are the major contributors to inorganic arsenic exposure, with food contributing slightly more than water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present probabilistic model, all arsenic in drinking water is assumed to be inorganic. Levels of arsenic in drinking water sources in the U.S. were analyzed in the National Arsenic Occurrence Survey (NAOS) (Frey and Edwards 1997). Arsenic in the water samples was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, and the quantitation limit was 0.5 µg/L.…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Multimedia Inorganic Arsenic Intake in the U.S. Population

Meacher¹,

Menzel²,

Dillencourt³

et al. 2002

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment by natural and human means. The potential for adverse health effects from inorganic arsenic depends on the level and route of exposure. To estimate potential health risks of inorganic arsenic, the apportionment of exposure among sources of inorganic arsenic is critical. In this study, daily inorganic arsenic intake of U.S. adults from food, water, and soil ingestion and from airborne particle inhalation was estimated. To account for variations in exposure across the U.S., a Monte Carlo approach was taken using simulations for 100,000 individuals representing the age, gender, and county of residence of the U.S. population based on census data. Our analysis found that food is the greatest source of inorganic arsenic intake and that drinking water is the next highest contributor. Inhalation of airborne arsenic-containing particles and ingestion of arsenic-containing soils were negligible contributors. The exposure is best represented by the ranges of inorganic arsenic intake (at the 10 th and 90 th percentiles), which were 1.8 to 11.4 µg/day for males and 1.3 to 9.4 µg/day for females. Regional differences in inorganic arsenic exposure were due mostly to consumption of drinking water containing differing inorganic arsenic content rather than to food preferences.

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Removal of Selected Constituents

2022

Stantec's Water Treatment

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Surveying arsenic occurrence

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Estimation of Multimedia Inorganic Arsenic Intake in the U.S. Population

Removal of Selected Constituents

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