Survey to identify Mycobacterium leprae-infected household contacts of patients from prevalent regions of leprosy in Colombia

Cardona-Castro, Nora; Beltrán-Alzate, JC; Manrique-Hernández, Rubén D.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000400003

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…However, new patients are being detected at unchanged rates in some regions of endemicity, leaving fundamental questions about sources and routes of transmission and efficacy of leprosy control measures unanswered. Classical epidemiology and leprosy control programs have frequently identified household contacts of patients as being at a higher risk of infection than the general population (2,3,20); explanations or tools are not routinely in place for tracing the origins and relationships of these and remaining new cases (5,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines

Sakamuri

Kimura

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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To address the persisting problem of leprosy in Cebu, Philippines, we compiled a database of more than 200 patients who attend an established referral skin clinic. We described the patient characteristics in conventional demographic parameters and also applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for Mycobacterium leprae in biopsied skin lesion samples. These combined approaches revealed that transmission is ongoing, with the affected including the young Cebuano population under 40 years of age in both crowded cities and rural areas of the island. The emergence of multicase families (MCF) is indicative of infection unconstrained by standard care measures. For the SNPs, we designed a low-cost PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. MLVA in M. leprae was highly discriminatory in this population yet could retain broad groups, as defined by the more stable SNPs, implying temporal marker stability suitable for interpreting population structures and evolution. The majority of isolates belong to an Asian lineage (SNP type 1), and the rest belong to a putative postcolonial lineage (SNP type 3). Specific alleles at two VNTR loci, (GGT)5 and 21-3, were highly associated with SNP type 3 in this population. MLVA identified M. leprae genotype associations for patients with known epidemiological links such as in MCFs and in some villages. These methods provide a molecular database and a rational framework for targeted approaches to search and confirm leprosy transmission in various scenarios.During the last 4 to 5 years, genetic variation in Mycobacterium leprae has been investigated for the purpose of strain typing. Although the M. leprae genome (4) has undergone reductive evolution and is highly mutated, limited genome variability has been found between global isolates, and except for loci prone to mutation, such as variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) (7,8,12,13,16,19,22,24,25,26), M. leprae strains are highly clonal species. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were subsequently discovered by further genome sequencing efforts that allowed the separation of global isolates into four subtypes (14).Formal, systematic study of M. leprae diversity by the application of the known polymorphic markers in defined endemic settings for studying extant population structures and leprosy transmission is limited. Previously, we presented the outcome of a focused study in Qiubei County in Yunnan Province, South West China (22). Using VNTR loci, we discovered subgroups within a major lineage. A differential geographical distribution of these subgroups was seen across the county. Furthermore, we noted the conservation of M. leprae genotypes carried by patients of multicase families (MCFs), which is indicative of localized transmission from shared sources.We now extend such approaches to Cebu, Philippines, an island in the Central Visayas where leprosy is still in existence. From a case detection rate of 5.1 in 2001 to the current rat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines

Sakamuri

Kimura

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Further, accurate measurement of antibody titers may also be useful, because increased titers of anti-PGL-I (NDO-BSA) and anti-LID-1 could potentially identify household contacts that require careful monitoring or clinical examination (35) ( Table 2). On balance, the data suggest that simultaneous assessment of multiple antibodies to detect possible M. leprae infection may identify contacts at greatest risk of becoming ill (36) .…”

Section: Surveillance Of Household Contacts and At-risk Populationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Detection of serum anti-PGL-I enhances diagnostic accuracy, guides treatment, and thereby reduces transmission of M. leprae from patients (10) (36) . Anti-PGL-I screening to identify, monitor, and treat contacts or other people most at risk of developing leprosy may also reduce M. leprae transmission (12) .…”

Section: Serum Antibodies As Measures Of Mycobacterium Leprae Transmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative literature review of the reported uses of serological tests in leprosy management

Fabri

Carvalho

Vieira

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…A histopatologia da lesão de pele ou do segmento neural acometido consiste em exame auxiliar fundamental para o diagnóstico da doença nas suas várias formas clínicas, com exceção da hanseníase indeterminada, onde é inespecífica na maior parte dos casos (Opromolla, 2000). Em campo, geralmente, há indisponibilidade de exames auxiliares ao diagnóstico, e a baciloscopia, ainda que tecnicamente simples comparada à histologia, exige treinamento e controle de qualidade (Cellona et al, 1993;Cardona-Castro et al, 2008). Outros exames complementares e as provas de imunidade frente ao bacilo podem auxiliar na classificação e na orientação terapêutica.…”

Section: Avaliação Das Variáveis Sócio-econômicas Dos Grupos De Estudounclassified

“…O carreamento do bacilo na mucosa nasal, detectado por técnica de PCR, pode ser encontrado em até 8% dos contatos saudáveis provenientes de área não endêmica (Cardona-Castro et al, 2008), possivelmente representando contaminação transitória do ambiente (Klatser et al, 1993), já que não se mantém positivo após 2 anos de seguimento, mesmo em áreas endêmicas (Hatta et al, 1995 (Sales et al, 2011). …”

Section: Avaliação Das Variáveis Sócio-econômicas Dos Grupos De Estudounclassified

Avaliação de pacientes com hanseníase na faixa virchowiana diagnosticados entre 1990 e 2000 e tratados com poliquimioterapia 24 doses e seus comunicantes na fase pós-eliminação em municípios de Santa Catarina

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Survey to identify Mycobacterium leprae-infected household contacts of patients from prevalent regions of leprosy in Colombia

Abstract: Leprosy in Colombia is

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines

Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines

Integrative literature review of the reported uses of serological tests in leprosy management

Avaliação de pacientes com hanseníase na faixa virchowiana diagnosticados entre 1990 e 2000 e tratados com poliquimioterapia 24 doses e seus comunicantes na fase pós-eliminação em municípios de Santa Catarina

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