Survey on various perspectives of Raman Amplifiers

Abstract

Raman Amplifier (RA) is the fiber amplifier that follows Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) mechanism. For broadband amplification it is used, because of low noise and better gain. Raman amplification was investigated in multiple views. Many research works had focused in the views of pumping schemes, gain flattening, transmission system and noise analysis. In this paper, Raman amplification is studied in the views of varying Refractive Index profile of core, varying core gap radius, hybrid combination of RA with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). This paper also studies the investigations of this hybrid combination in Dispersion compensation at C and S bands, recycling of pump power and location of EDFA.

Dynamics and its Effects on Saturation Region in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

“…In a long distance optical communication system, when the signal force becomes low, we need to boost up it. So many amplifiers invented to make this happen from the bulk semiconductor-optical amplifier (SOA) [1]. Travelling wave-SOAis considered one of the most important devices because it has main characteristics, such as little size, highly gain, wide gain bandwidth, and the capability to be integrated in the cost effective way [2,3].…”

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“…Blumenthal et al (2003) explored the sign handling procedures, Hac and Mutlu (1989) researched the B-ISDN convention, guidelines utilized in the Broadband reference model. Lee, Sherali, Han, and Kim (2000) dealt with a system plan issue emerging from the sending of synchronous optical systems (SONET), a standard of transmission utilizing optical fiber innovation. Cosares, Deutsch, Saniee, and Wasem (1995) inspected SONET framework by the Bellcore customer organizations has spared 10 to 30 percent in expenses and requests of greatness in time.…”