Survey on the Applications of Blockchain in Agriculture

Abstract

Dating back many millennia, agriculture is an ancient practice in the evolution of civilization. It was developed when humans thought about it and concluded that not everyone in the community was required to produce food. Instead, specialized labor, tools, and techniques could help people achieve surplus food for their community. Since then, agriculture has continuously evolved across the ages and has occupied a vital, synergistic position in the existence of humanity. The evolution of agriculture was based on a compulsion to feed the growing population, and, importantly, maintain the quality and traceability of food, prevent counterfeit products, and modernize and optimize yield. Recent trends and advancements in blockchain technology have some significant attributes that are ideal for agriculture. The invention and implementation of blockchain have caused a fair share of positive disruptions and evolutionary adoption in agriculture to modernize the domain. Blockchain has been adopted at various stages of the agriculture lifecycle for improved evolution. This work presents an intense survey of the literature on how blockchain has positively impacted and continues to influence various market verticals in agriculture, the challenges and the future.

A Framework for Platform-Agnostic Blockchain and IoT Based Insurance System

“…Claim processing and subrogation: Smart contracts can simplify and automate these processes, making them less time-consuming [12]. Autonomous claim settlement: IoT-enabled devices can trigger loss notifications and invoke smart contracts in the blockchain ecosystem to process claim settlements without human intervention [13] and in similar lines used for agriculture insurance [14]. Reinsurance: Blockchain's timestamp-based and immutable records enable reinsurers to verify and approve claims more efficiently, avoiding time-consuming manual processes [15].…”

Low-Cost Class a Evapotranspiration Pan for Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in Protected and Field Environments: A Practical Approach

“…Additionally, other agricultural technologies are being developed and implemented to improve crop productivity (yield per area) and the sustainability of the agricultural activity, and indeed, they will affect the soil and plant responses and the agronomic recommendations for gypsum management. Such improved technologies include (i) smart fertilizers (e.g., slow and controlled release fertilizers, bioformulated fertilizers, nanofertilizers, beneficial nutrients) developed to enhance nutrient use efficiency and crop yield with low impacts on the natural environment (Raimondi et al, 2021;Karthik and Maheswari, 2021;Tayade et al, 2022;Verma et al, 2022;Abiola et al, 2023;Areche et al, 2023;Chakraborty et al, 2023); genetic engineering and genome editing techniques of crop plants to improve their resistance to stresses and use-efficiency of agricultural amendments (Jan and Shrivastava, 2017;Mackelprang and Lemaux, 2020;Clouse and Wagner, 2021;Lebedev et al, 2021;Raza et al, 2022); large-scale application of artificial lights (light supplementation) to field crops (Lemes et al, 2021), and digitalization-integration-robotization plus AI (artificial intelligence), DL (deep learning) and blockchain of agriculture (Krithika, 2022;Srivastava, et al, 2022;Adamides and Edan, 2023;Ali et al, 2023;Mahibha and Balasubramanian, 2023;Cheng et al, 2023;Mesías-Ruiz et al, 2023;Okolie et al, 2023;Wakchaure et al, 2023;Zeng et al, 2023) are emerging and represent some of the most recent advances for modern sustainable and productive agriculture.…”

Phenotypic Correlations Between Linear Traits and Growth Curves of Holstein Calves

“…Additionally, other agricultural technologies are being developed and implemented to improve crop productivity (yield per area) and the sustainability of the agricultural activity, and indeed, they will affect the soil and plant responses and the agronomic recommendations for gypsum management. Such improved technologies include (i) smart fertilizers (e.g., slow and controlled release fertilizers, bioformulated fertilizers, nanofertilizers, beneficial nutrients) developed to enhance nutrient use efficiency and crop yield with low impacts on the natural environment (Raimondi et al, 2021;Karthik and Maheswari, 2021;Tayade et al, 2022;Verma et al, 2022;Abiola et al, 2023;Areche et al, 2023;Chakraborty et al, 2023); genetic engineering and genome editing techniques of crop plants to improve their resistance to stresses and use-efficiency of agricultural amendments (Jan and Shrivastava, 2017;Mackelprang and Lemaux, 2020;Clouse and Wagner, 2021;Lebedev et al, 2021;Raza et al, 2022); large-scale application of artificial lights (light supplementation) to field crops (Lemes et al, 2021), and digitalization-integration-robotization plus AI (artificial intelligence), DL (deep learning) and blockchain of agriculture (Krithika, 2022;Srivastava, et al, 2022;Adamides and Edan, 2023;Ali et al, 2023;Mahibha and Balasubramanian, 2023;Cheng et al, 2023;Mesías-Ruiz et al, 2023;Okolie et al, 2023;Wakchaure et al, 2023;Zeng et al, 2023) are emerging and represent some of the most recent advances for modern sustainable and productive agriculture.…”