Survey on Textile Electrode Technologies for Electrocardiographic (ECG) Monitoring, from Metal Wires to Polymers

Pani, Danilo; Achilli, Andrea; Bonfiglio, Annalisa

doi:10.1002/admt.201800008

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Recording ECG with dry textile electrodes is generally challenging as the electrode-skin contact impedance is high, and it significantly varies between the electrodes [50]. This attenuates the signal before it can be amplified, and accordingly reduces the signal-tonoise ratio.…”

Section: Multichannel Ecg Recording Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multichannel ECG recording from waist using textile sensors

Alizadeh-Meghrazi

Tian

Mahnam³

et al. 2020

BioMed Eng OnLine

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Background: The development of wearable health monitoring systems is garnering tremendous interest in research, technology and commercial applications. Their ability of providing unique capabilities in continuous, real-time, and non-invasive tracking of the physiological markers of users can provide insights into the performance and health of individuals. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are of particular interest, as cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Monitoring heart health and its conditions such as ventricular disturbances and arrhythmias can be achieved through evaluating various features of ECG such as R-peaks, QRS complex, T-wave, and P-wave. Despite recent advances in biosensors for wearable applications, most of the currently available solutions rely solely on a single system attached to the body, limiting the ability to obtain reliable and multi-location biosignals. However, in engineering systems, sensor fusion, which is the optimal integration and processing of data from multiple sensors, has been a common theme and should be considered for wearables. In recent years, due to an increase in the availability and variety of different types of sensors, the possibility of achieving sensor fusion in wearable systems has become more attainable. Sensor fusion in multi-sensing systems results in significant enhancements of information inferences compared to those from systems with a sole sensor. One step towards the development of sensor fusion for wearable health monitoring systems is the accessibility to multiple reliable electrophysiological signals, which can be recorded continuously. Results: In this paper, we develop a textile-based multichannel ECG band that has the ability to measure ECG from multiple locations on the waist. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that ECG signals can be reliably obtained from different locations on the waist where the shape of the QRS complex is nearly comparable with recordings from the chest using traditional gel electrodes. In addition, we develop a probabilistic approach-based on prediction and update strategies-to detect R-peaks from noisy textile data in different statuses, including sitting, standing, and jogging. In this approach, an optimal search method is utilized to detect R-peaks based on the history of the intervals between previously detected R-peaks. We show that the performance of our probabilistic approach in R-peak detection is significantly better than that based on Pan-Tompkins and optimal-threshold methods.

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Section: Multichannel Ecg Recording Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multichannel ECG recording from waist using textile sensors

Alizadeh-Meghrazi

Tian

Mahnam³

et al. 2020

BioMed Eng OnLine

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“…The research works on dry contact electrodes have been focused on soft conductive polymer composites and intrinsically conductive polymers due to their adaptation to rough and even deformed skin 9,10 . The conductive polymer composites consist of elastomers and conductive nanofillers like metals 11 , nanotubes 12 , nanowires 13 , and nanosheets 14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully organic compliant dry electrodes self-adhesive to skin for long-term motion-robust epidermal biopotential monitoring

et al. 2020

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Wearable dry electrodes are needed for long-term biopotential recordings but are limited by their imperfect compliance with the skin, especially during body movements and sweat secretions, resulting in high interfacial impedance and motion artifacts. Herein, we report an intrinsically conductive polymer dry electrode with excellent self-adhesiveness, stretchability, and conductivity. It shows much lower skin-contact impedance and noise in static and dynamic measurement than the current dry electrodes and standard gel electrodes, enabling to acquire high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in various conditions such as dry and wet skin and during body movement. Hence, this dry electrode can be used for long-term healthcare monitoring in complex daily conditions. We further investigated the capabilities of this electrode in a clinical setting and realized its ability to detect the arrhythmia features of atrial fibrillation accurately, and quantify muscle activity during deep tendon reflex testing and contraction against resistance.

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“…Recording ECG with dry textile electrodes is generally challenging as the electrode-skin contact impedance is high, and it significantly varies between the electrodes (50). This attenuates the signal before it can be amplified, and accordingly reduces the signal to noise ratio.…”

Section: Multichannel Ecg Recording Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multichannel ECG Recording from Waist using Textile Sensors

Alizadeh-Meghrazi

Tian

Mahnam³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The development of wearable health monitoring systems is garnering tremendous interest in research, technology and commercial applications. Their ability of providing unique capabilities in continuous, real-time, and non-invasive tracking of the physiological markers of users can provide insights into the performance and health of individuals. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are of particular interest, as cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Monitoring heart health and its conditions such as ventricular disturbances and arrhythmias can be achieved through evaluating various features of ECG such as R-peaks, QRS complex, T-wave, and P-wave. Despite recent advances in biosensors for wearable applications, most of the currently available solutions rely solely on a single system attached to the body, limiting the ability to obtain reliable and multi-location biosignals. However, in engineering systems, sensor fusion, which is the optimal integration and processing of data from multiple sensors, has been a common theme and should be considered for wearables. In recent years, due to an increase in the availability and variety of different types of sensors, the possibility of achieving sensor fusion in wearable systems has become more attainable. Sensor fusion in multi-sensing systems results in significant enhancements of information inferences compared to those from systems with a sole sensor. One step towards the development of sensor fusion for wearable health monitoring systems is the accessibility to multiple reliable electrophysiological signals, which can be recorded continuously.Results: In this paper, we develop a textile-based multi-channel ECG band that has the ability to measure ECG from multiple locations on the waist. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that ECG signals can be reliably obtained from different locations on the waist where the shape of the QRS complex is nearly comparable with recordings from the chest using traditional gel electrodes. In addition, we develop a probabilistic approach – based on prediction and update strategies – to detect R-Peaks from noisy textile data in different statuses, including sitting, standing, and jogging. In this approach, an optimal search method is utilized to detect R-Peaks based on the history of the intervals between previously detected R-Peaks. We show that the performance of our probabilistic approach in R-Peak detection is significantly better than that based on Pan-Tompkins and optimal-threshold methods. Conclusion: A textile-based multi-channel ECG band was developed to track the heart rate changes from multiple locations on the waist. We demonstrated that (i) the ECG signal can be detected from different locations on the waist, and (ii) the accuracy of the detected R-Peaks from textile sensors was improved by using our proposed probabilistic approach.Despite the limitations of the textile sensors that might compromise the quality of ECG signals,we anticipate that the textile-based multi-channel ECG band can be considered as an effective wearable system to facilitate the development of sensor fusion methodology for pervasive and non-invasive health monitoring through continuous tracking of heart rate variability (HRV) from the waist. In addition, from the commercialization point of view, we anticipate that the developed band has the potential to be integrated into garments such as underwear, bras or pants so that individuals can use it on a daily basis.

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Survey on Textile Electrode Technologies for Electrocardiographic (ECG) Monitoring, from Metal Wires to Polymers

Cited by 81 publications

References 86 publications

Multichannel ECG recording from waist using textile sensors

Multichannel ECG recording from waist using textile sensors

Fully organic compliant dry electrodes self-adhesive to skin for long-term motion-robust epidermal biopotential monitoring

Multichannel ECG Recording from Waist using Textile Sensors

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