Survey on real-time communication via ethernet in industrial automation environments

Danielis, Peter; Skodzik, Jan; Altmann, Vlado; Schweissguth, Eike; Golatowski, Frank; Timmermann, Dirk; Schacht, Joerg

doi:10.1109/etfa.2014.7005074

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nevertheless, every IE system has at least one of the following drawbacks [1]: Especially the limited scalability is a major problem considering the future increase of the number of devices in automation environments, which will be necessary to support the more comprehensive approaches to horizontal and vertical integration and big data analysis (cf. Industrial Internet [2], Industrie 4.0 [3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, Industrial Ethernet (IE) systems, which promise several advantages [1], have established as a serious competitor to these fieldbusses. Similar to the fieldbusses, several IE solutions of different companies have emerged, which all solve the problem that standard Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) is not RT capable due to its medium access control (MAC) scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application-aware industrial ethernet based on an SDN-supported TDMA approach

Schweissguth

Danielis

Niemann

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

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In industrial automation environments, networks providing a reliable and timely data delivery are required. Fulfilling this need, Industrial Ethernet (IE) systems have established as an important networking technology in many application areas. Although there are several IE solutions on the market, all of these systems have notable drawbacks, like limited scalability or the introduction of a Single Point of Failure (SPoF).Therefore, we propose a novel IE system that is based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). Originally meant for data center and IT networks, the SDN concept offers features like central network management functions and a fine-grained traffic control that allows to support many applications with diverse requirements even in the same network. Thereby, SDN is also perfectly suited for complex automation environments. To guarantee RT data transmission as well as scalability and an efficient resource usage, our IE system uses a Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme that is based on a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mechanism that is extended by simultaneous data transmissions on physically separate links. The enhanced TDMA mechanism is configured by a joint routing and scheduling algorithm that takes application requirements into account. Our theoretical analysis as well as results achieved with a prototype implementation of the system confirm the applicability of our concept in demanding automation environments with applications that require a worst case communication latency below 1 ms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-aware industrial ethernet based on an SDN-supported TDMA approach

Schweissguth

Danielis

Niemann

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE World Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

Self Cite

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“…Recently, Industrial Ethernet (IE) systems, which can guarantee RT of below 1 ms, have emerged as serious competitor to traditionally used fieldbusses. As pointed out in [2], each IE system has however at least one drawback such as limited scalability in terms of the number of devices, insufficient self-configuration features, or increased costs due to the use of proprietary hardware instead of standard Ethernet hardware.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Flow Migration for Delay Constrained Traffic in Software-Defined Networks

Danielis

Dan

Gross

et al. 2017

GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference

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Abstract-Various industrial control applications have stringent end-to-end latency requirements in the order of a few milliseconds. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a promising solution in order to meet these stringent requirements under varying traffic patterns, as it enables the flexible management of flows across the network. Thus, SDN allows to ensure that traffic flows use congestion-free paths, reducing the delay to forwarding and processing delays at the SDN nodes. However, accommodating new flows at runtime is under such a setting challenging as it may require the migration of existing flows, without interrupting ongoing traffic. In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic flow migration and propose a polynomial time algorithm that can find a solution if direct flow migration is feasible. We furthermore propose an algorithm for computing both direct and indirect flow migration and prove its correctness. Numerical results obtained on a FatTree network topology show that flow migration is typically necessary for networks with a moderate number of flows, while direct flow migration is feasible in around 60% of the cases.

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“…Advances in hardware to support manufacturing are already evident: Industrial Ethernet is gaining traction [3] while smarter embedded devices are performing an increasing number of orthogonal tasks. Recent developments include the roll out of smart field devices, like Ethernet-equipped sensors and actuators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schedule-based service choreographies for real-time control loops

Kothmayr

Kemper

Scholz

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies &Amp; Factory Automation (ETFA)

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Abstract-Today's manufacturing industries are undertaking efforts to further increase the flexibility of their facilities. One way to achieve this goal is the development of distributed, serviceoriented architectures (SOA). A challenge for SOAs is the continued support of the real-time requirements imposed by industrial control tasks. This paper presents an approach for executing service choreographies with strong real-time guarantees without a central point of control. Engineers can design the automation workflow as a graph of communicating tasks which are then assigned to devices in the network. Our method generates a cyclic, non-preemptive schedule for each device to achieve global cooperation between them. Using an approach that combines several heuristics, a valid solution for over 99% of the 1.2 million test cases was found. On average, this method was over two orders of magnitude faster than an approach based on MIP-solvers.

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Survey on real-time communication via ethernet in industrial automation environments

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Application-aware industrial ethernet based on an SDN-supported TDMA approach

Application-aware industrial ethernet based on an SDN-supported TDMA approach

Dynamic Flow Migration for Delay Constrained Traffic in Software-Defined Networks

Schedule-based service choreographies for real-time control loops

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