Survey on prevalence of hypertension in China: Background, aim, method and design

Wang, Zengwu; Zhang, Linfeng; Chen, Zuo; Wang, Xin; Shao, Lan; Guo, Min; Zhu, Manlu; Gao, Runlin

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.117

Cited by 85 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The method and design of the survey were described elsewhere, and the specific protocol was strictly followed at each study site including Beijing [11, 12]. Briefly, a 4-stage stratified random procedure was used to recruit a total of 500,000 permanent residents aged 15 years and older from 262 urban cities and rural counties over 31 metropolitan/provinces in mainland China.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

et al. 2019

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Objective: Obesity-related disease risks may vary depending on whether the subject has metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). At least 5 definitions/criteria of obesity and metabolic disorders have been documented in the literature, yielding uncertainties in a reliable international comparison of obesity phenotype prevalence. This report aims to compare differences in MHO and MUO prevalence according to the 5 most frequently used definitions. Methods: A random sample of 4,757 adults aged 35 years and older (male 51.1%) was enrolled. Obesity was defined either according to body mass index or waist circumference, and the definitions of metabolic abnormalities were derived from 5 different criteria. Results: In MHO, the highest prevalence was obtained when using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) criteria (13.6%), followed by the Chinese Diabetes Society (11.4%), Adult Treatment Panel III (10.3%), Wildman (5.2%), and Karelis (4.2%) criteria; however, the MUO prevalence had an opposite trend to MHO prevalence. The magnitude of differences in the age-specific prevalence of MHO and MUO varied greatly and ranked in different orders. The proportion of insulin resistance for MHO and MUO individuals differed significantly regardless of which metabolic criterion was used. Conclusion: The prevalence of MHO and MUO in the Chinese population varies according to different definitions of obesity and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

et al. 2019

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“…Then, three communities or villages were chosen within each district and township, respectively, using the simple random sampling (SRS) method [19]. Finally, a given number of participants from each of the 14 gender/age strata (male/female and aged 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) were chosen using the SRS method according to the national demographic composition; participants were chosen from communities or villages using the lists compiled from the local government registers of households [19]. The design effect was also considered while estimating the sample size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design effect was also considered while estimating the sample size. Assuming a design effect of 2.5 and the prevalence of hypertension of 17.7% among population aged 15 years or older, 15,200 participants were needed to ensure that the average lengths of the 95% confidence interval for the prevalence in the entire population and subpopulation defined by age and gender were less than 0.4% and 1.8%, respectively [19]. As a result, a total of 15,364 participants living in Jiangxi Province for 6 months and aged 15 years or older were randomly selected to participate in this survey from November 2013 to August 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Southern China

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThis study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension in Jiangxi Province, China. Individuals with prehypertension frequently progress into hypertension and are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and stroke.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 15,296 participants (15 years or older) was conducted in Jiangxi Province, China, in 2013, using questionnaire forms and physical measurements.ResultsThe prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 32.3% (39.2% in men and 27.6% in women) and 29.0% (30.1% in men and 28.2% in women), respectively. The awareness, treatment, and control rates among all hypertensive participants were 64.8%, 27.1%, and 12.6%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension in males declined with age, but the prevalence of hypertension increased in different genders. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of prehypertension decreased, in parallel to an increase in the prevalence of hypertension, with increasing waist circumference (WC). A combination of WC and BMI was superior to individual indices in identifying hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age, high BMI, high visceral adipose index, and high heart rate were risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension. The high body fat percentage was significantly associated with prehypertension. Living in an urban area, male sex, abdominal obesity, and menopause were correlated with hypertension.ConclusionsPrehypertension and hypertension are epidemic in southern China. Further studies are needed to explore an indicator that can represent the visceral fat accurately and has a close relationship with cardiovascular disease.

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“…To ensure adequate representation of the population for the prevalence survey, we used a 4-stage stratified random procedure in the sampling process. The details of sampling technique and process were previously described [37] . Using the probability proportional to size method, 3 cities in urban areas (Xi Cheng, Fang Shan and Tong Zhou) and 1 county in a rural area (Yan Qing) were selected from the Beijing municipal area ( fig.…”

Section: Selection Of Study Communities and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waist circumference was measured in a standing position using a cloth tape directly applied to the participant's skin (to the nearest 0.5 cm). Body weight without heavy clothing, and body fat, skeletal muscle, and visceral fat, was measured using an OMRON body fat and weight measurement device (V-body HBF-371, OMRON, Kyoto, Japan) [37] .…”

Section: Physical and Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents of Beijing(CCHS-Beijing): Design and Rationale

Fang

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Neuroepidemiology

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The Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health Study (CCHS-Beijing) is a population-based study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive impairment in adults aged 55 and older in Beijing. The main aims of the study are to investigate the prevalence rates of CVD, asymptomatic atherosclerosis, and cognitive impairment, as well as validate the risk factors related to the onset and development of CVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study was designed to detect the traditional and new risk factors in this age group. Participants were recruited randomly from residential regions in the greater Beijing municipality area based on the average levels of development in Beijing, China in 2012 (based on socioeconomic, demographic, and geographical characteristics). Thorough physical and laboratory examination were performed at baseline (also the cross-sectional survey) to identify the risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, as well as newly defined risk factors like elevated homocysteine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and urine micro-albumin. Subclinical disease of the cerebral vasculature included atherosclerosis of carotid arteries, intracranial arteries, and retinal vessels. Subclinical cardiac diseases included left ventricular enlargement, arrhythmias, chamber hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia. Blood pressure was documented using the ankle-arm method. In addition, neuropsychological assessments were performed for all subjects aged 65 and above. Baseline evaluation began during the period August 2013 to December 2014. Follow-up examination will occur in 5 years. The initial and recurrent CVD, AD and MCI events will be verified and validated during the follow-up period.

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Survey on prevalence of hypertension in China: Background, aim, method and design

Cited by 85 publications

References 4 publications

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Southern China

Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents of Beijing(CCHS-Beijing): Design and Rationale

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