SURVEY ON MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ON ADVANCED COUNTRIES(Environmental Engineering)

Yokota, Hiroshi; Hukushima, Akira; Adachi, Mayumi; Murakami, Shuzo; Akabayashi, Shin-ichi; Kurabuchi, Takashi; Kato, Shinsuke; Tanabe, Shihori; Ito, Koichi; Oswa, Haruki; Sawachi, Takao

doi:10.3130/aijt.10.189

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Various studies have examined the requirements of minimum ventilation flow rates in several countries [18][19][20][21]. Of special interest is the article [22] which reviews the ventilation flow rates in fifteen countries and later calculates the minimum air changes necessary in a Japanese housing type according to different regulations without including ventilation strategies. A more recent study [23] discusses ventilation standards in several European countries and analyzes the ventilation flow rate values obtained in different European dwellings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of European ventilation strategies to meet the cooling and heating demands of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)/Passivhaus. Comparison with the USA

Guillén-Lambea

Rodríguez-Soria²,

Marı́n

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The parameters and conditions that govern the ventilation requirements in residential buildings under current regulations worldwide are not harmonized. The reduction in energy demand and the increase in the thermal comfort in dwellings are mainly conditioned by these parameters. This article reviews and compares the ventilation flow rates in residential buildings in various countries: the United States of America, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain. It also compares the requirements of these countries with the requirements of the Passivhaus construction standard, which is recommended by the European Union as an example of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB). Furthermore, a model for a dwelling is created using TRNSYS software. First, simulations have been performed with the flow rates, ventilation strategies and envelope transmittance required by the regulations of each country. The cooling and heating demands have been obtained for representative cities in different climate zones. With these results, the impact of ventilation parameters in the heating demand of the proposed Spanish dwelling is analyzed. Secondly, the same dwelling has been simulated with the thermal envelope transmittance values recommended by the Passivhaus standard. The ventilation strategies of each country have been maintained. The influence of the ventilation can be observed uninfluenced by other design parameters. It is found that with the current ventilation strategies, the heating and cooling demand values required by Passivhaus can be reached in only a few warm climates. In other cases, the ventilation strategies will need to change, and heat recovery ventilation will be required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of European ventilation strategies to meet the cooling and heating demands of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)/Passivhaus. Comparison with the USA

Guillén-Lambea

Rodríguez-Soria²,

Marı́n

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…The building regulations in the UK are geared to prescriptive measures to ensure “adequate ventilation” but there are currently no mandatory standards covering IAQ with respect to specific CO 2 levels or toxic pollutants. Harrison [ 34 ] has reviewed the guideline values now emerging in Canada, Finland, Germany and Norway; and Yoshino et al [ 35 ] reviewed minimum ventilation rates in fifteen developed countries. Finnish Building regulations have specific requirements for IAQ, setting maximum absolute CO 2 levels at 1200 ppm, along with maximum permissible levels for other pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulates, lead, carbon monoxide and benzene [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant Interactions and Effectiveness of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Contemporary New Housing in Scotland, UK

Sharpe

Farren²,

Howieson

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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The need to reduce carbon emissions and fuel poverty has led to increased building envelope air tightness, intended to reduce uncontrolled ventilation heat losses. Ventilation strategies in dwellings still allow the use of trickle ventilators in window frames for background ventilation. The extent to which this results in “healthy” Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in recently constructed dwellings was a concern of regulators in Scotland. This paper describes research to explore this. First a review of literature was conducted, then data on occupant interactions with ventilation provisions (windows, doors, trickle vents) gathered through an interview-based survey of 200 recently constructed dwellings, and measurements made on a sample of 40 of these. The main measured parameter discussed here is CO2 concentration. It was concluded after the literature review that 1000 ppm absolute was a reasonable threshold to use for “adequate” ventilation. The occupant survey found that there was very little occupant interaction with the trickle ventilators e.g., in bedrooms 63% were always closed, 28% always open, and in only 9% of cases occupants intervened to make occasional adjustments. In the measured dwellings average bedroom CO2 levels of 1520 ppm during occupied (night time) hours were observed. Where windows were open the average bedroom CO2 levels were 972 ppm. With windows closed, the combination of “trickle ventilators open plus doors open” gave an average of 1021 ppm. “Trickle ventilators open” gave an average of 1571 ppm. All other combinations gave averages of 1550 to 2000 ppm. Ventilation rates and air change rates were estimated from measured CO2 levels, for all dwellings calculated ventilation rate was less than 8 L/s/p, in 42% of cases calculated air change rate was less than 0.5 ach. It was concluded that trickle ventilation as installed and used is ineffective in meeting desired ventilation rates, evidenced by high CO2 levels reported across the sampled dwellings. Potential implications of the results are discussed.

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“…Variations in effective dose from both the walls and floor of the room that occupants are exposed to are shown in Figure 2 (A-C) for a standard room with a wall thickness of 20 cm and air exchange rate (ACH) of 0.5 h À1 . As reported by Yoshino et al (2004), it should be mentioned that the ACH was assumed to be 0.5 h À1 in line with the minimum ACH legislated in most European countries and in accordance with Japanese regulations for ACH (Yoshino et al, 2004). Figure 2 (A-B) shows a long-term variation in the indoor external and radon doses inhabitants are exposed to over an average lifetime of 76 years for the 3 different case studies.…”

Section: Radiological Dose Assessment Using Resrad-build Computer Codementioning

confidence: 84%

Modelling of indoor external and internal exposure due to different building materials containing NORMs in the vicinity of a HNBRA in Mahallat, Iran

Adelikhah

Imani

Hegedűs

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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SURVEY ON MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ON ADVANCED COUNTRIES(Environmental Engineering)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Review of European ventilation strategies to meet the cooling and heating demands of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)/Passivhaus. Comparison with the USA

Review of European ventilation strategies to meet the cooling and heating demands of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)/Passivhaus. Comparison with the USA

Occupant Interactions and Effectiveness of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Contemporary New Housing in Scotland, UK

Modelling of indoor external and internal exposure due to different building materials containing NORMs in the vicinity of a HNBRA in Mahallat, Iran

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