Survey on helminths and protozoa of free-living Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil

Lima, Víctor Fernando Santana; Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Silva, Mylena Adriele Dias; Beltrão‐Mendes, Raone; Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento; Giannelli, Alessio; Rinaldi, Laura; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Cordeiro‐Estrela, Pedro; Alves, Lêucio Câmara

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.002

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is in contrast to other studies examining mountain hares (Irvin, 1970) or other mammals (e.g. Rengifo-Herrera et al, 2014; Moleón et al, 2015; Santana Lima et al, 2018) recording much higher parasitic incidence (≥73%) in faecal samples. Perhaps, parasite prevalence is lower in faeces of this Alpine species because hare densities in the Alps are low (estimated 0.5–5 hares/km 2 , Couturier, 1981; Bouche, 1989) and parasite load increases with higher host densities (Cremer et al, 2007; Kappeler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Schai-Braun

Posautz

Alves

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Information concerning factors regulating Alpine mountain hare ( Lepus timidus varronis ) populations such as host-parasite interactions is missing as only a few parasitological surveys exist of this subspecies. Parasites are not only dependent on their host but also on suitable environmental conditions for infestation. Abiotic environmental factors have an important regulating role on parasites in mammals. It is estimated that the elevation range of parasites is likely to shift in response to alternate host movement and changes in climate. Here we assess the parasitic infestation in the Alpine mountain hare by analysing the parasites in faeces and comparing the parasite infestation at different elevation ranges and at varied weather conditions for two years in the Austrian Alps. Almost half of the faecal samples were free of parasites (46.2%, n = 52). Most frequent was the infection by Coccidia (46.2%), whereas stomach intestine strongylids, Trichuris spp, and Cestoda were only found in 9.6% of all faeces. Hence, only Coccidia may be prevalent enough to regulate Alpine mountain hare populations in the Austrian Alps. Elevation had a significant positive effect on the infection of animals by Trichuris spp, whereas temperature had a significant negative effect on the infection by any parasite traceable in faeces and, when looking at the parasite groups individually, on Coccidia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Schai-Braun

Posautz

Alves

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…and Cryptosporidium sp.) and by protozoa and helminths (e.g., Ancylostomatidae, Vampirolepsis nana ) in Brazilian bats can reach 22% in Molossus molossus , 25% in Myotis lavali , and 36% in Noctilio albiventris [ 8 ]. In field voles ( Microtus agrestis ), the prevalence of coinfected individuals with Babesia microti , Cowpox virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and Bartonella spp ., can reach up to 79% of tested animals [ 9 ].…”

Section: Are Coinfections Common?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfections in wildlife: Focus on a neglected aspect of infectious disease epidemiology

2020

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Emerging infectious diseases represent a global and major health problem. The understanding of biological processes involved in the transmission and evolution of infectious agents in host reservoirs is critical [1]. Disease ecology has, therefore, become an important area of research, aiming at investigating the interactions between infectious agents, their hosts, and environments. Interactions between infectious agents exploiting the same vertebrate host at the same time (coinfections) can affect disease outcomes and transmissibility. In this paper, we review this point, as this could have significant consequences on zoonoses emergence. Are coinfections common? Coinfection (or co-infection), which can refer to simultaneous infection, mixed infection, multiple infections, concomitant infection, concurrent infection, polyinfection, polyparasitism, and multiple parasitisms [2], defines the occurrence of at least two genetically different infectious agents in the same host (Fig 1A) [3]. This definition, therefore, includes infectious agents of different taxonomic levels (e.g., bacterium and virus) and also genetic variants of the same infectious agent (e.g., virus genotypes) [3]. Coinfections have been mainly studied in humans, with a particular emphasis on macroparasite helminths [3,4]. The presence of helminth eggs from multiple species has even been reported in human remains and coprolites recovered from many prehistoric sites and analyzed by microscopy [5]. About 30% of human infections may actually be coinfections, and this rate could reach up to 80% in some human communities [4,6]. Recent studies have focused on other living organisms such as plants, vertebrate, and invertebrate animals and have demonstrated that coinfection is indeed the rule rather than the exception (Fig 1B) [2-4,7]. For example, coinfection by protozoa (Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp.) and by protozoa and helminths (e.g., Ancylostomatidae, Vampirolepsis nana) in Brazilian bats can reach 22% in Molossus molossus, 25% in Myotis lavali, and 36% in Noctilio albiventris [8]. In field voles (Microtus agrestis), the prevalence of coinfected individuals with Babesia microti, Cowpox virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Bartonella spp., can reach up to 79% of tested animals [9]. How do infectious agents interact? Coinfection not only reflects the simultaneous presence of multiple infectious agents in a given host but also involves complex interactions between them. The type of interactions within a community of infectious agents exploiting the same host can be direct, for example, via physical interference or competition for resources, or indirect, such as through immunological pathways or the production of chemical compounds [10-17]. The outcome of these interactions can be positive (synergistic), in which the presence of one infectious agent may facilitate infection by other infectious agents; negative (antagonistic), when the presence of one

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“…However, they are recognized as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, with more than 80 viruses detected in different groups of bats (Klimpel & Mehlhorn, 2016). They also harbor a variety of endoparasites like bacteria (Bai et al, 2012) such as Rickettsia (Dietrich et al, 2016), protozoa and helminths (Lima et al, 2018), as well as arthropod ectoparasites (Hutson, 1972) like mites and ticks (Baker & Craven, 2003), bat bugs (Usinger, 1966), fleas (Hutson, 1972), and bat flies from the families Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, which usually are highly host-specific (Dick, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New records of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico

2019

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Survey on helminths and protozoa of free-living Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis): Are abiotic environmental factors such as elevation, temperature and precipitation affecting prevalence of parasite species?

Coinfections in wildlife: Focus on a neglected aspect of infectious disease epidemiology

New records of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico

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