Survey on communication architectures for wind energy integration with the smart grid

Singh, Bhavna; Coulter, J. C.; Sayani, Mohammad Abdul Ghani; Sami, Syed M.; Khalid, Mohammad A.S.; Tepe, Kemal

doi:10.1080/00207233.2013.798501

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…and wireless (ZigBee, WiFi, WiMAX, etc.) communication systems are discussed and surveyed in [33]. The details of a WP cyber system are presented in [34] and [35] for a 34-WT and a 80-WT WPs in British Colombia and Denmark, respectively.…”

Section: Cyber-physical Modelling Of Wpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cyber Attack Mitigation Scheme for Series Compensated DFIG-Based Wind Parks

Ghafouri

Karaagac

Ameli

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Subsynchronous Interaction (SSI) phenomenon is known to be one of the most frequent and severe stability issues of a Wind Park (WP), and can potentially lead to a significant loss of power generation. The broad impacts of this phenomenon on a power grid have made WPs interesting targets for cyber attacks. To initiate the SSI, an adversary can target either the power grid (external attacks) or the cyber system of WPs (internal attacks). This paper proposes a mitigation scheme for attacks that initiate the SSI phenomenon in series compensated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WPs. External attacks are addressed by employing a robust static-output-feedback Subsynchronous Damping Controller (SSDC), which is designed based on the insensitive strip region and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques. Internal attacks, however, are detected by comparing the estimated and measured converters' currents. Once the compromised measurements are detected, the designed SSDC is restructured to mitigate the attacks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) simulations for both internal and external cyber attacks. Additionally, the performance of the proposed method is corroborated using a real-time co-simulation framework.

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Section: Cyber-physical Modelling Of Wpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cyber Attack Mitigation Scheme for Series Compensated DFIG-Based Wind Parks

Ghafouri

Karaagac

Ameli

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…Authors in [6] provided a survey on WPF communication networks where several communication technologies including wired and wireless solutions are used to support the operation of WPFs. Wired communication technologies include wired local area network (LAN), telephone line, fiber optic and propriety data communication, while wireless technologies include ZigBee, WiFi, World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), satellite and digital microwave [5], [6]. However, issues related to network bandwidth, latency, reliability, and security should be considered when designing a communication infrastructure for a WPF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

et al. 2020

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There is a growing interest to increase the grid integration of large-scale wind power farms (WPF). As most WPFs are located in remote areas where abundant wind resources are available, these sites are lacking communication infrastructures and network coverage which present major obstacles in enabling reliable data transmission between WPFs and their control centers. With the absence of unified communication network architecture, different vendors and manufacturers are developing their own monitoring and control solutions according to their needs. There is a knowledge gap related to the design of WPF communication networks, where the assumptions of available articles do not represent the complete monitoring data from WPF subsystems including wind turbines, meteorological towers and substations. This work aims to design a wireless network architecture for the grid integration of cyber physical wind energy system based on the IEC 61400-25 standard. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: a wind farm layer, a data acquisition layer, a communication network layer and an application layer. Wireless communication technologies outperform conventional wired-based solutions by offering lower costs, greater flexibility and easier deployment. Based on IEC 61400-25 standard, a wireless turbine area network is proposed for collecting sensing data from wind turbine parts, and connected to a wireless farm area network developed for communication between the remote control center and wind turbines. The network performance of the proposed wireless wind turbine internal network (includes the number of sensor nodes, data types and data size) is evaluated considering different wireless technologies (ZigBee, WiFi and WiMAX) in view of end-to-end delay, wireless channel capacity, and data loss. The simulation results show that wireless-based solutions can meet the delay requirements of the IEEE 1646 standard. This work contributes for building a redundant wireless communication infrastructure for remote monitoring of WPFs with scalable coverage and capacity.

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“…The communication network between the WTs and control center has a critical role and therefore should be highly reliable and stable. Wind turbine manufacturers develop their own monitoring and control systems due to the lack of a unified communication infrastructure [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer communication network architecture for wind power farm

Hussain

Kim

2014

2014 IEEE 19th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)

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Wind is a sustainable renewable energy source, which has recently gained high popularity among the renewable energy sources. The high maintenance and repair cost of wind turbine needs real-time monitoring and control through networks. Network communication infrastructures play important roles for the real-time monitoring and control of wind power farms because these farms are located at remote and harsh environment sites. This paper proposes multilayer communication network architecture for monitoring and controlling of wind power farms which consists of wind power farm layer, local control center layer, regional control center layer, central control center layer and neighbor control center layer. Based on the logical node concept of IEC 61400-25 standard, wind turbine is modeled and simulated by four different information including analogue measurements, status information, protection and control information, and meteorological mast information through OPNET modular. The performance of the proposed network architecture is evaluated in terms of link bandwidth and latency.

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Survey on communication architectures for wind energy integration with the smart grid

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

A Cyber Attack Mitigation Scheme for Series Compensated DFIG-Based Wind Parks

A Cyber Attack Mitigation Scheme for Series Compensated DFIG-Based Wind Parks

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

Multilayer communication network architecture for wind power farm

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