Survey on blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of Anaplasma and Rickettsia spp

Hornok, Sándor; Hofmann‐Lehmann, Regina; Mera, Isabel G. Fernández de; Meli, Marina L.; Elek, Vilmos; Hajtós, I.; Répási, Attila; Gönczi, Enikő; Tánczos, Balázs; Farkas, Róbert; Lutz, Hans; Fuente, José de la

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.003

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Although the primers evaluated in this study exhibited total complementarity with A. ovis, based on in silico analysis, this species has not been reported in Brazil and its importance as an infectious agent for cattle is still unknown. However, recent reports provide evidence of the possibility of A. ovis infection in cattle (Hornok et al 2010, Hornok et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale in cattle: quantitative evaluation of a real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based on msp5 gene

Bacanelli

Ramos

Araújo³

2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(1):29-33, janeiro 2014 29 RESUMO.-[Diagnóstico molecular de Anaplasma marginale em bovinos: avaliação quantitativa de uma PCR em tempo real baseada no gene msp5.] A riquétsia Anaplasma marginale é considerada o principal agente da anaplasmose bovina. Devido a não especificidade dos sinais clínicos, a confirmação da infecção nos animais depende de testes laboratoriais. Recentemente, métodos de diagnóstico molecular têm sido aplicados para detecção de A. marginale em bovinos. No entanto, a grande quantidade de testes com diferentes sensibilidade e custos tem dificultado a escolha do ensaio mais adequado. No presente estudo, uma PCR em tempo real baseada no gene msp5 foi avaliada quantitativamente e comparada a uma reação de PCR convencional. As reações foram submetidas à avaliação de sensibilidade e especificidade com DNA plasmidial e amostras provenientes de bovinos experimentalmente infectados por A. marginale. Uma avaliação comparativa a campo foi realizada entre os testes utilizando amostras provenientes de bovinos criados em uma região de estabilidade enzoótica para A. marginale. Embora os testes não tenham apresentado diferença estatisticamente significativa, a PCR em tempo real apresentou valor de sensibilidade maior do que a PCR convencional. A PCR em tempo real foi capaz de detectar uma cópia de msp5 em 100ng de DNA plasmidial, e mais de 80% de resultados positivos entre bovinos experimentalmente infectados apenas sete dias após infecção. Além disso, baseado em análise in silico, a PCR em tempo real avaliada aqui pode ser útil para detecção de Anaplasma ovis. The rickettsia Anaplasma marginale is considered the main agent of bovine anaplasmosis. Due the nonspecific clinical signs of the anaplasmosis, the diagnosis of infection depends of laboratory confirmation. In recent years, molecular diagnostic methods have been used to detect A. marginale in cattle. However, the existence of a large number of assays of different sensitivity and cost makes the choice of an appropriate test difficult. In the present study, a real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on the msp5 target gene was quantitatively assessed and compared to an end point PCR. Both reactions were subjected to sensitivity and specificity evaluation using plasmid DNA and samples from cattle experimentally infected with A. marginale. A comparative field trial of the tests was carried out using samples of cattle from a stable enzootic area for A. marginale. The real-time PCR showed a higher sensitivity than the end point PCR. This reaction (i.e. real-time PCR) was able to detect one copy of the msp5 gene in 100 ηg of plasmidial DNA, and more than 80% of its results were positive among experimentally infected animals seven days after infection. In addition, based on in silico analysis, the real-time PCR evaluated in the present study appears to be useful for the detection of A. ovis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale in cattle: quantitative evaluation of a real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based on msp5 gene

Bacanelli

Ramos

Araújo³

2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Scale bar is 500 μm. Louse drawing modified from Durden et al (2010) [10] with copyright permission from Allen Press.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sucking lice parasitizing domestic animals are known to transmit pathogens such as poxvirus (pigs), Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella ) (rats and mice) [9] Anaplasma (goats, cattle, pigs), and Rickettsia (goats, cattle) [10], while human sucking lice transmit the pathogens responsible for trench fever (caused by Bartonella quintana ), epidemic typhus ( Rickettsia prowazekii ) and epidemic relapsing fever ( Borrelia recurrentis ) [11]. Despite the well-established relationship between sucking louse transfer and the spread of louse-borne disease agents in humans, very little is known about sucking louse transfer in wild mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the social network: tracking lice in a wild primate (Microcebus rufus) population to infer social contacts and vector potential

et al. 2012

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BackgroundStudies of host-parasite interactions have the potential to provide insights into the ecology of both organisms involved. We monitored the movement of sucking lice (Lemurpediculus verruculosus), parasites that require direct host-host contact to be transferred, in their host population of wild mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus). These lemurs live in the rainforests of Madagascar, are small (40 g), arboreal, nocturnal, solitary foraging primates for which data on population-wide interactions are difficult to obtain. We developed a simple, cost effective method exploiting the intimate relationship between louse and lemur, whereby individual lice were marked, without removal from their host, with an individualized code, and tracked throughout the lemur population. We then tested the hypotheses that 1) the frequency of louse transfers, and thus interactions, would decrease with increasing distance between paired individual lemurs; 2) due to host polygynandry, social interactions and hence louse transfers would increase during the onset of the breeding season; and 3) individual mouse lemurs would vary in their contributions to the spread of lice.ResultsWe show that louse transfers involved 43.75% of the studied lemur population, exclusively males. Louse transfers peaked during the breeding season, perhaps due to increased social interactions between lemurs. Although trap-based individual lemur ranging patterns are restricted, louse transfer rate does not correlate with the distance between lemur trapping locales, indicating wider host ranging behavior and a greater risk of rapid population-wide pathogen transmission than predicted by standard trapping data alone. Furthermore, relatively few lemur individuals contributed disproportionately to the rapid spread of lice throughout the population.ConclusionsUsing a simple method, we were able to visualize exchanges of lice in a population of cryptic wild primates. This method not only provided insight into the previously unseen parasite movement between lemurs, but also allowed us to infer social interactions between them. As lice are known pathogen vectors, our method also allowed us to identify the lemurs most likely to facilitate louse-mediated epidemics. Our approach demonstrates the potential to uncover otherwise inaccessible parasite-host, and host social interaction data in any trappable species parasitized by sucking lice.

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“…To minimize sample number for multiple analyses, ticks were processed individually or in pools (of 2-7 specimens) separated according to their host individuals, species, and developmental stages. DNA was extracted as described (Hornok et al 2010a). …”

Section: Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synanthropic Birds Associated with High Prevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae and with the First Detection ofRickettsia aeschlimanniiin Hungary

Hornok

Csörgő

Fuente

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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The aim of this study was to analyze synanthropic birds as risk factors for introducing ticks and tick-borne pathogens into human settlements, with an emphasis on rickettsiae. Altogether 184 subadult ticks were found on 5846 birds. Tick infestation was most prevalent during the spring. In this sample group the majority of ticks were molecularly identified as Ixodes ricinus, and three individuals collected from the European robin as Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. The latter is the first molecularly confirmed occurrence of this species in Hungary. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in H. marginatum, also for the first time in Hungary, and in ticks from an urbanized bird species north of the Mediterranean countries. The overall prevalence range of rickettsiae (including R. helvetica and R. monacensis) in ticks of synanthropic birds was 29-40%, exceeding that in questing ticks of relevant species reported earlier. Additionally, in specimens of I. ricinus, the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a new Francisella-like genotype was also verified. Thus, it can be concluded that birds with urban or periurban habitats pose a high risk as tick carriers and reservoirs of zoonotic agents, especially of rickettsiae. The aim of this study was to analyze synanthropic birds as risk factors for introducing ticks and tick-borne pathogens into human settlements, with an emphasis on rickettsiae. Altogether 184 subadult ticks were found on 5846 birds. Tick infestation was most prevalent during the spring. In this sample group the majority of ticks were molecularly identified as Ixodes ricinus, and three individuals collected from the European robin as Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. The latter is the first molecularly confirmed occurrence of this species in Hungary. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in H. marginatum, also for the first time in Hungary, and in ticks from an urbanized bird species north of the Mediterranean countries. The overall prevalence range of rickettsiae (including R. helvetica and R. monacensis) in ticks of synanthropic birds was 29-40%, exceeding that in questing ticks of relevant species reported earlier. Additionally, in specimens of I. ricinus, the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a new Francisella-like genotype was also verified. Thus, it can be concluded that birds with urban or periurban habitats pose a high risk as tick carriers and reservoirs of zoonotic agents, especially of rickettsiae.

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Survey on blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of Anaplasma and Rickettsia spp

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale in cattle: quantitative evaluation of a real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based on msp5 gene

Molecular diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale in cattle: quantitative evaluation of a real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based on msp5 gene

Mapping the social network: tracking lice in a wild primate (Microcebus rufus) population to infer social contacts and vector potential

Synanthropic Birds Associated with High Prevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae and with the First Detection ofRickettsia aeschlimanniiin Hungary

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