Survey of Workers Exposed to Dusts Containing Derivatives of Bacillus Subtilis

Greenberg, Morris; Milne, Judith F.; Watt, Andrew D

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5710.629

Cited by 88 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase), a class A subtilase produced by Bacillus licheniformis, is one of several subtilases used in detergent formulations. Soon after the initiation of large-scale production of enzyme-containing detergents, allergic respiratory reactions to the enzyme components were noted among factory workers (44,45). Thus, Tri r 2 is a member of the same enzyme family as an antigen previously related to asthma.…”

Section: Demonstration Of the Immune Response To Tri R 2-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Woodfolk¹,

Wheatley²,

Piyasena³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton exhibits unique immunologic properties by its ability to cause both immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity. An 83-kDa Trichophyton tonsurans allergen (Tri t 4) was previously shown to elicit distinct T lymphocyte cytokine profiles in vitro. The homologous protein, Tri r 4, was cloned from a Trichophyton rubrum cDNA library, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. This 726-amino acid protein contained an arrangement of catalytic triad residues characteristic of the prolyl oligopeptidase family of serine proteinases (Ser-Asp-His). In addition, a novel Trichophyton allergen, encoding 412 amino acids, was identified by its human IgE antibody-binding activity. Sequence similarity searches showed that this allergen, designated Tri r 2, contained all of the conserved residues characteristic of the class D subtilase subfamily (41-58% overall sequence identity). Forty-two percent of subjects with immediate hypersensitivity skin test reactions to a Trichophyton extract exhibited IgE antibody binding to a recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal 289 amino acids of Tri r 2. Furthermore, this antigen was capable of inducing delayed type hypersensitivity skin test reactions. Our results define two distinct antigens derived from the dermatophyte Trichophyton that serve as targets for diverse immune responses in humans.Dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton colonize keratinized tissues in humans including nails, hair shafts, and the stratum corneum of the skin. Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum are common causes worldwide of tinea capitis, athlete's foot, and onychomycosis (infection of the nail beds) (1). An estimated 30 -70% of adults are asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens, and the incidence of symptomatic disease increases with age (2). The immune response to antigens derived from Trichophyton is unique in that both immediate hypersensitivity (IH) 1 and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test reactions are induced. Studies suggest that the nature of the underlying immune response to Trichophyton antigens is related to the severity of dermatophytosis; IH skin tests are associated with chronic recurrent infections characterized by low-grade inflammatory lesions and the presence of IgE antibodies (Ab) (4 -7). In contrast, DTH reactions are associated with highly inflamed lesions that resolve spontaneously and a resistance to re-infection (4, 8 -13). The implication of these findings is that cellmediated immune responses to Trichophyton are more effective at eradicating infection and may confer protection. Chronic dermatophytosis has been associated with allergic disease in the respiratory tract in individuals with immediate hypersensitivity (14 -17). Furthermore, exposure to Trichophyton proteins may result in bronchial sensitization and symptomatic asthma that can be controlled with systemic antifungal therapy (7,18,19).Experimental mouse models support a role...

show abstract

Section: Demonstration Of the Immune Response To Tri R 2-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Woodfolk¹,

Wheatley²,

Piyasena³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Workers involved in preparing enzyme mixes or adding enzyme to detergent base have the highest risk of sensitization with subsequent development of respiratory disease [26]. Atopy has been re ported by some investigators to predispose individuals to sensitization [11,26] while others report no difference in the frequency of sensitiza tion between atopic and nonatopic workers [25]. This apparent discrep ancy can in part be reconciled by the observation that atopic individuals may become skin test positive more quickly than nonatopic persons, but nonatopic individuals will respond to skin testing following continued exposure [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Detergent on Aerosol Allergic Sensitization with Enzymes of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Markham¹,

Wilkie²

1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An anionic detergent, sodiumdodecylbenzenesulphonate, had an adjuvant effect upon aerosol allergic sensitization with subtilopeptidase A, a proteolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis. Both local and systemic antibody responses were accelerated and prolonged by use of the detergent. This adjuvant effect was only seen when an inactive form of the enzyme was used. The detergent, however, was able to potentiate early clinical responses upon initial exposure to the active enzyme.

show abstract

“…The investigators repeated the same tests 6 months later and found that negative enzyme sensitivity could turn positive, despite the breaking of its relationship with Bacillus subtilis enzymes. The derangement in the pulmonary function tests could be severe and irreversible [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteolytic enzyme sensitivity and decrease in respiratory function (a 10-year follow-up)

Kizkin

Suleyman

Hacievlıyagıl

et al. 2002

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Survey of Workers Exposed to Dusts Containing Derivatives of Bacillus Subtilis

Cited by 88 publications

References 2 publications

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Influence of Detergent on Aerosol Allergic Sensitization with Enzymes of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Proteolytic enzyme sensitivity and decrease in respiratory function (a 10-year follow-up)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About