Survey of Wild Mammals in a Chesapeake Bay Area for Selected Zoonoses

Alexander, A. D.; Flyger, Vagn; Herman, Yaye F.; McConnell, Stewart; Rothstein, N.; Yager, Robert H.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-8.2.119

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The overall seroprevalence of the leptospiral infection in raccoons in this study was 46.1%, which is generally comparable to the other studies in North America such as 50% in Maryland (Alexander et al 1972), 58.8% in Georgia (Shotts et al 1975), 48% in Illinois (Mitchell et al 1999), 45% in Illinois (Hungerford et al 2000), 36% in Connecticut (Richardson & Gauthier 2003), 11% in Nebraska (Bischof & Rogers 2005), 19.1% in Washington (Davis et al 2007) and 47% in Indiana (Raizman et al 2009). However, the serological results may greatly underestimate infection with leptospiral serovars in the reservoir hosts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA

Tan

Dharmarajan

Beasley

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and animals. Objectives: To determine whether raccoons in Indiana carried leptospires in their kidneys. Animals and methods: Thirty-four raccoons were live-trapped from two forest patches in central Indiana. Following euthanasia, a portion of kidney (2 cm 2 ) from each raccoon was homogenized and used for leptospiral culture. Leptospiral cultures were subjected to DNA extraction and various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures reported previously. Serum sample from each raccoon was collected and antibody titers to leptospiral serovars were determined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results: All leptospiral cultures were positive for Leptospira by various PCR procedures. The PCR with the primers targeting the conservative region of LipL32 gene was the most sensitive PCR in the detection of pathogenic leptospires. The variable LipL32 PCR amplicons were sequenced and compared to the reference strains available in GenBank. Twelve kidney cultures had Leptospira interrogans, eight had Leptospira kirschneri and two had Leptospira borgpetersenii. They were predominantly Grippotyphosa serogroup. Antileptospire antibodies were detected in 16 out of 34 raccoons (47.1%) by MAT. There were titers ! 1:80 in 16 raccoons (47.1%) and titers ! 1:400 in 3 raccoons (8.8%). The highest leptospiral serovar-specific seroreactivity among 34 raccoons was L. interrogans Bratislava (38.2%) and L. interrogans Grippotyphosa (32.4%). Conclusions: Raccoons in Indiana carry leptospiral organisms in kidneys and the leptospires are predominantly L. interrogans species and of the Grippotyphosa serogroup. Clinical importance: The raccoons serve as reservoir hosts that exposure sources to wildlife, livestock, pets and humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA

Tan

Dharmarajan

Beasley

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…Proteus is mainly used as diagnostic test for Rickettsia because a cross-reaction exists. Rickettsia has been reported in raccoons from the US and Japan (Alexander et al 1972, Baba et al 2013 and in humans from the northern and southeastern regions of Mexico (Zavala-Castro et al 2006). Rickettsial infections were associated with tick bites, but in the present study antibodies against Proteus were not detected.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Serological survey of anti-Salmonella antibodies in coatis (Nasua narica) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) in southeast Mexico

de-la-Rosa-Arana

Muñoz-García²,

Godínez-García

et al. 2016

Arch. med. vet.

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“…WILNE~ (11) cited these results as possible criteria for placing the raeeoonpox virus (RPV) into the vaccinia/variola subgroup of poxviruses. The virus is apparently widespread in these animals since ALEXA~Dn~ et al (1) found hemagglutiilation inhibition (HI) antibody in sera of 22 out of 92 raccoons. They also found that, unlike the HA of other vaceinia-like viruses, I{PV HA was not inhibited by sera congaining antibody to monkeypox virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further characterization of raccoonpox virus

Thomas¹,

Palmer²,

Obijeski³

et al. 1975

Archives of Virology

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A poxvirus isolated from the respiratory tract of raccoons in a forest and swamp area near Aberdeen, Maryland, was characterized by biological, serological, and biophysical methods. The virus was shown to be related to the vaccinia-variola subgroup by serological and biophysical methods, but measurably different from the other viruses of this group by biological methods. It causes flaccid paralysis in 1-day-old suckling mice and does not grow well on CAM after two or three passages.

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Survey of Wild Mammals in a Chesapeake Bay Area for Selected Zoonoses

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA

Neglected leptospirosis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Indiana, USA

Serological survey of anti-Salmonella antibodies in coatis (Nasua narica) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) in southeast Mexico

Further characterization of raccoonpox virus

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