Survey of Various Protocols in Geographical Based Routing in Vehicular Adhoc Networks

Abstract

: Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols which can be used for further improvement or development of any new routing protocol. The easiest way to classify the geographic routing protocolsis by type of routing (Unicast, Broadcast or Geocast). Other way to classify them is by the use that the protocol gives to the position information (Packet forwarding, Route Selection, Cluster formation, Formation of cells, Classify Forwarding Group, or RouteRequest Forwarding). For this survey we will use the type of routing classification and in each protocol we'll talk about how the protocol uses the geographic information.

A data dissemination mechanism based on evaluating behavior for vehicular delay-tolerant networks

“…The nodes carry the packets for some distance until meeting other nodes, and forward messages based on some metrics to the nodes' neighbors. 10 Vahdat and Becker 11 proposed the Epidemic routing strategy based on multi-copy ideas. The strategy is essentially a flooding algorithm, 4 which exchanges higher packet delivery rate at the cost of increasing network overhead.…”

CMTG: A Content-Based Mobile Tendency Geocast Routing Protocol in Urban Vehicular Networks

“…Since nodes are highly mobile, in this type of network, they suffer from frequent disconnections. To overcome this, packet delivery is augmented by allowing nodes to store the packets when there is no contact with other nodes, to carry the packets for some distances until meeting with other nodes, and to forward based on some metrics on nodes' neighbors [26]. The VADD, GeOpps, and GeoSpray are notable DTN vehicular routing protocols.…”

“…The minimum delay used by VADD is indirectly obtained by selecting the next forwarding node whose path's nearest point is closest to the destination. GeOpps requires navigation information to be exposed to the network; thus, privacy such as vehicle's whereabouts might be an issue [26]. When it comes to GeoSpray, first, it starts with a multiple-copy scheme, spreading a limited number of bundle copies, in order to exploit alternative paths.…”