Survey of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Erwinia amylovora Reveals Insights into Diversity and Functional Specificity

Shidore, Teja; Zeng, Quan; Triplett, Lindsay R.

doi:10.3390/toxins11040206

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous studies have also reported phylogroup dependent differences in the content of virulence factors ( Baltrus et al, 2012 ; Dillon et al, 2019b ). While it is impossible to speculate the significance of these difference at this point, similar sporadic distribution of TA system linked to genetic similarity has been also described previously both in clinical ( Horesh et al, 2020 ) and plant pathogens ( Shavit et al, 2016 ; Shidore et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Whether all paralogs are active and if they are also functionally diverse is a subject of further research. The parDE and vapBC homologs were also among the most prevalent in another plant pathogen, Erwinia amylovora ( Shidore et al, 2019 ). A vapBC ortholog was characterized as a TA system in the plant pathogen Acidovorax citruli , and was shown to be overexpressed during plant infection ( Shavit et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TA systems were also shown to play a significant role in maintenance of P. syringae virulence plasmids ( Bardaji et al, 2019 ). While TA systems have been predicted in several plant pathogenic species, including in Xanthomonas citri and Erwinia amylovora ( Martins et al, 2016 ; Shidore et al, 2019 ), TA system composition and diversity has not been described in the P. syringae species complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas syringae

et al. 2022

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Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of two or more adjacent genes, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. TA systems are implicated in evolutionary and physiological functions including genome maintenance, antibiotics persistence, phage defense, and virulence. Eight classes of TA systems have been described, based on the mechanism of toxin neutralization by the antitoxin. Although studied well in model species of clinical significance, little is known about the TA system abundance and diversity, and their potential roles in stress tolerance and virulence of plant pathogens. In this study, we screened the genomes of 339 strains representing the genetic and lifestyle diversity of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex for TA systems. Using bioinformatic search and prediction tools, including SLING, BLAST, HMMER, TADB2.0, and T1TAdb, we show that P. syringae strains encode 26 different families of TA systems targeting diverse cellular functions. TA systems in this species are almost exclusively type II. We predicted a median of 15 TA systems per genome, and we identified six type II TA families that are found in more than 80% of strains, while others are more sporadic. The majority of predicted TA genes are chromosomally encoded. Further functional characterization of the predicted TA systems could reveal how these widely prevalent gene modules potentially impact P. syringae ecology, virulence, and disease management practices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas syringae

et al. 2022

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Bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules: classification, functions, and association with persistence

Singh

Yadav

Ghosh

et al. 2021

Current Research in Microbial Sciences

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Genetic Dissection of the Erwinia amylovora Disease Cycle

Kharadi

Schachterle

Yuan

et al. 2021

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Fire blight, caused by the bacterial phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, is an economically important and mechanistically complex disease that affects apple and pear production in most geographic production hubs worldwide. We compile, assess, and present a genetic outlook on the progression of an E. amylovora infection in the host. We discuss the key aspects of type III secretion–mediated infection and systemic movement, biofilm formation in xylem, and pathogen dispersal via ooze droplets, a concentrated suspension of bacteria and exopolysaccharide components. We present an overall outlook on the genetic elements contributing to E. amylovora pathogenesis, including an exploration of the impact of floral microbiomes on E. amylovora colonization, and summarize the current knowledge of host responses to an incursion and how this response stimulates further infection and systemic spread. We hope to facilitate the identification of new, unexplored areas of research in this pathosystem that can help identify evolutionarily susceptible genetic targets to ultimately aid in the design of sustainable strategies for fire blight disease mitigation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 59 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Survey of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Erwinia amylovora Reveals Insights into Diversity and Functional Specificity

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas syringae

Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas syringae

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules: classification, functions, and association with persistence

Genetic Dissection of the Erwinia amylovora Disease Cycle

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