Survey of the Quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological of the Underground Waters of the Continental Terminal of the Township of Abomey-Calavi (Benin)

Seasonal variation of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli strains isolated from well water of Moundou city, Chad (Central Africa)

“…Well water samples were taken for bacteriological analyses during 4 sampling campaigns with seasonal frequency. The sub-divisions were chosen according to the precarious situation of households that use this well water for their domestic needs [17]. The Figure 1 shows the location of the 50 sampling point in the city of Moundou.…”

“…Studies by Benodji and Nang-yana [35,36] also showed that the bacteriological and/or chemical quality of groundwater was worse during the rainy season. In this season, the increase in the piezometric level concentrates more pollutants found on the ground or trapped in the unsaturated zone [37,38] [17,32]. This phenomenon is linked to the recharge of the water table by runoff water during and after precipitation, by the direct exposure of wells to wastewater discharges and those of septic tanks due to the poor state of protection of wells, the majority of which are open [39,40].…”

“…(Bricha et al, 2007; Mba et al, 2019). Infiltration water from septic tanks, leaky latrines increases pollution[17] by reaching wells; Infiltration water from septic tanks, leaky latrines increases pollution by reaching wells…”