Survey of the morphology of the dog kidney

Bulger, Ruth Ellen; Cronin, Robert E.; Dobyan, Dennis C.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091940104

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The ratio of the number of SLN to LLN was 82:18, which may be compared with previous observations-70:30 in rats (32), 34:66 in rabbits (22), 0:100 in dogs (33), and 85:15 in humans (34)-reflecting species differences in urine-concentrating mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Mouse Nephron

Zhai¹,

Thomsen

Birn³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

101

116

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Renal function is crucially dependent on renal microstructure which provides the basis for the regulatory mechanisms that control the transport of water and solutes between filtrate and plasma and the urinary concentration. This study provides new, detailed information on mouse renal architecture, including the spatial course of the tubules, lengths of different segments of nephrons, histotopography of tubules and vascular bundles, and epithelial ultrastructure at well-defined positions along Henle's loop and the distal convolution of nephrons. Three-dimensional reconstruction of 200 nephrons and collecting ducts was performed on aligned digital images, obtained from 2.5-m-thick serial sections of mouse kidneys. Important new findings were highlighted: (1) A tortuous course of the descending thin limbs of long-looped nephrons and a winding course of the thick ascending limbs of short-looped nephrons contributed to a 27% average increase in the lengths of the corresponding segments, (2) the thick-walled tubules incorporated in the central part of the vascular bundles in the inner stripe of the outer medulla were identified as thick ascending limbs of long-looped nephrons, and (3) three types of short-looped nephron bends were identified to relate to the length and the position of the nephron and its corresponding glomerulus. The ultrastructure of the tubule segments was identified and suggests important implications for renal transport mechanisms that should be considered when evaluating the segmental distribution of water and solute transporters within the normal and diseased kidney. T he renal architecture is arranged elaborately to fulfill the physiologic demands for reabsorption of filtered substances and for urine concentration. The architecture includes the formation of the renal zones, the population of short-looped nephrons (SLN) and long-looped nephrons (LLN), the distribution of the tubule segments of nephrons, the tubular-vascular histotopography in medulla, and the epithelial configurations of the different tubule segments.From the 1960s to the 1980s, Kriz and others studied the renal microstructure, including the distribution of nephrons, the tubular-vascular relations in the medullary zones, and the ultrastructure of the epithelia along Henle's loop. Simultaneously, the diversities in renal structure were demonstrated between different species, including rat, mouse, hamster, and rabbit (1-3). In the late 1980s, a standard nomenclature for the kidney structure, which has been widely adopted, was published (4). With the development of digital techniques, three-dimensional (3D) representations of the tubule segments of nephrons were performed to a limited extent at the proximal tubules (PT) (5), distal tubule (6), and at the thin limbs (TL) of the LLN in the inner medulla (IM) (7) of rats. Two mathematical regionalbased models combining morphologic and immunohistochemical findings have been set up to simulate the urine concentration mechanism in rat medulla (8).At present, a large body of basic nephrol...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Mouse Nephron

Zhai¹,

Thomsen

Birn³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

101

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, our results (Table IV) (26) found that the canine nephron resembles more closely the human nephron than the nephron of rat, which is perhaps the most widely used animal in experimental nephrology (30). In particular, these authors note that PST, unlike PCT, differs markedly in ultrastructure between kidney of dog and rat (26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Cortical tubules of canine kidney have some features that are different from kidneys of other commonly employed experimental animals. In a morphologic survey of canine kidney, Bulger et al (26) found that the dog proximal tubules consists of four (S1-S4) rather than three (Sg-S3) subsegments, and that the main difference lies in the pars recta (26). The earlier portion of the proximal straight tubule (S3) in dog is analogous to S3 subsegment of other mammalian species, and is followed by subsegment S4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earlier portion of the proximal straight tubule (S3) in dog is analogous to S3 subsegment of other mammalian species, and is followed by subsegment S4. Subsegment S4 consists of cuboidal cells with decreasing cell height and tubular diameter, and tapers towards junction with the thin descending limb of Henle's loop (26). In microdissected tubules, it is rather difficult to differentiate between S3 and S4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solution and materials. The microdissection medium was a modified Hanks' balanced salt solution described in detail in our previous studies (24)(25)(26) and contained in final concentration 137 ml NaCl, S mM KCI, 0.8 mM MgSO4, 0.33 mM NaH2PO4, I mM MgC12, 10 mM Tris HCG, and 0.25 mM CaCG2, pH 7.4. The composition of collagenase medium was identical to that of microdissection medium, except that the CaCG2 concentration was I mM and also contained bovine serum albumin (0.1% wt/vol), hyaluronidase (0.1% wt/vol), and collagenase (0.15% wt/vol).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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