Survey of the expression of genes for ethylene synthesis and perception during maturation and ripening of ‘Sunrise’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit

Wiersma, Paul A.; Hua-yuan, Zhang; Lu, Changwen; Quail, Anita; Toivonen, Peter M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.12.016

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In contrast to the uniqueness of the EIN2 gene in Arabidopsis, two MdEIN2 genes, MdEIN2A (CV084546) and MdEIN2B (CO066480) were designated to distinguish the two distinct pools of apple EST (expressed sequence tag) sequences in GenBank that are all similar to the C-terminus of EIN2 (Wiersma et al, 2007). As expected, the transcript levels of MdEIN2A and MdEIN2B undergo little variation in fruit, either pre-or post-harvest (Wiersma et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…There are two systems of ethylene production in plants: System 1 occurs during plant/fruit growth and development, and System 2 is exclusively in floral senescence and fruit ripening (Barry & Giovannoni, 2007). There are at least five ACS (MdACS1-5) and four ACO (MdACO1-4) genes in apple (Kondo, Meemak, Ban, Moriguchi, & Harada, 2009;Wiersma, Zhang, Lu, Quail, & Toivonen, 2007) and these genes appear to operate similarly in the two systems for ethylene production. MdACS1 and MdACO1 are considered System 2 genes as their expression is highly correlated with the ethylene production burst in ripening apple fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are six apple ethylene receptor genes: MdETR1, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdETR5, MdERS1 and MdERS2. Studies of these ethylene receptors have focused on understanding their roles in apple shelf life by quantifying the levels of their mRNA and/or protein accumulation (Tatsuki & Endo, 2006;Tatsuki, Endo, & Ohkawa, 2007;Tatsuki, Hayama, & Nakamura, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Wiersma et al, 2007). The transcript levels of MdETR1 and MdERS1 were also evaluated in a study of ethylene biosynthesis and perception in apple fruitlet abscission (Dal Cin, Danesin, Boschetti, Dorigoni, & Ramina, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its full length cDNA was characterized by several alternative splicing variants (DQ847147-DQ847149) (Wiersma et al, 2007). Expression of MdCTR1does not change widely in ripening fruit of several apple cultivars studied, including 'Golden Delicious' (Dal Cin et al, 2007;Dal Cin, Rizzini, Botton, & Tonutti, 2006;Wiersma et al, 2007), 'Sunrise' (Wiersma et al, 2007) and 'Delicious' (Li & Yuan, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Two Orthologs of REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 in Apple

Wang¹,

Xu²

2012

JMBR

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The Arabidopsis RTE1 (REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1) and its tomato ortholog GREEN RIPE (GR) are important in plant ethylene signaling, response and/or fruit ripening. To investigate the potential role of RTE1-like genes in apple (M. ×domestica Borkh.) fruit ripening, two orthologs of RTE1 were identified in the apple genome, designated MdRTE1a and MdRTE1b. Using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach, a cDNA prey library was constructed from a pool of maturing/ripening fruit of 'Golden Delicious'. Screening the library with MdRTE1a identified two putative NAC (NAM/ATAF1, 2/CUC2) proteins, designated MdNAC1 and MdNAC2, that interacted with MdRTE1a in yeast cells. MdRTE1b, a closely related paralog of MdRTE1a, was also confirmed to be interactive with MdNAC1 and MdNAC2 using the Y2H system. The expression of MdRTE1a and MdNAC1 was high in young fruit but low in more developed and ripening fruit. This pattern of low expression remained largely consistent and was not affected by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene perception, or ethephon, an ethylene releasing compound. However, the expression of MdRTE1b and MdNAC2 rapidly increased during fruit ripening and was highly inhibited by 1-MCP. These data suggested that MdRTE1a, MdNAC1 and their possible interactions in apple cells may play roles in growth, whereas MdRTE1b, MdNAC2 and their putative interactions are involved in ethylene signaling, response and fruit ripening. The possible interactions between an RTE1-like protein and a NAC protein in plant cells have not been reported thus far. Its implications in ethylene signaling and response are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Two Orthologs of REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 in Apple

Wang¹,

Xu²

2012

JMBR

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“…In Arabidopsis, tomato, rice and several other species these genes are present as multigene families whose members may have specific functions depending on the tissue and/or developmental stage [14]. The situation in apple ripening is similar to the other plants [15]. Nevertheless, neither the involvement of ethylene nor the function of the specific elements during abscission is completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MADS Box Transcript Amount is Affected by Ethylene during Abscission

Cin¹,

Ramina²

2011

AJPS

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Ethylene Signalling: The CTR1 Protein Kinase

Zhong

Chang

2012

Annual Plant Reviews Volume 44

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CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE (CTR1) is an important negative regulator of ethylene signalling that was first identified by the isolation of a constitutive ethylene-response mutant in Arabidopsis. In the absence of ethylene treatment, ctr1 mutants exhibit the same phenotypes as ethylene-treated wild-type plants. Arabidopsis has only one CTR1 gene in ethylene signalling, whereas in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon), three CTR1 homologues are involved in ethylene signalling and display differential gene expression patterns that might reflect specific functions. CTR1 encodes a Raf-like serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase with an N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal kinase domain. CTR1 acts downstream of the ethylene receptors and upstream of EIN2. When the receptors perceive ethylene, CTR1 kinase activity is shut off, thereby leading to responses. CTR1 has been shown to physically associate with the ethylene receptors at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, but the biochemical mechanisms of CTR1 regulation remain unclear at this point. The downstream substrate(s) of CTR1 are unknown as well. CTR1 has the highest sequence similarity to Raf protein kinases, so it has been long assumed that CTR1 functions in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The existence of a MAPK cascade in ethylene signalling has been controversial however, and functional similarities between CTR1 and MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKs) remain speculative. Thus, the remaining critical questions surrounding CTR1 are the regulation of CTR1 and how the signal is transduced from CTR1 to downstream components. The study of non-ethyleneresponse phenotypes in ctr1 mutants has been useful for revealing interactions between ethylene signalling and other plant signals, including gibberellin, auxin and abscisic acid.

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Survey of the expression of genes for ethylene synthesis and perception during maturation and ripening of ‘Sunrise’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of Two Orthologs of REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 in Apple

Characterization of Two Orthologs of REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 in Apple

MADS Box Transcript Amount is Affected by Ethylene during Abscission

Ethylene Signalling: The CTR1 Protein Kinase

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