Survey of the Diet of Pima Indians Using Quantitative Food Frequency Assessment and 24-Hour Recall

Smith, Cynthia; Nelson, Robert G.; Hardy, S.; Manahan, Elaine M.; Bennett, Peter H.; Knowler, William C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(96)00216-7

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This issue, however, has been largely unsolvable because energy intake cannot be measured accurately in unconfined humans. 27 Our measure of cTEI (ie, TEE þ ENBAL) in adult Pimas was several hundred calories higher than previously estimated in this population from self-administered questionnaires 28,29 and exceeded TEE by more than 600 kcal/day. More importantly, we show that a positive short-term energy balance and the resulting estimates of cTEI were associated with weight gain in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: effect of energy intake vs expenditure

et al. 2003

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BACKGROUND:Obesity results from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, experimental evidence of the relative contribution of interindividual differences in energy intake and expenditure (resting or due to physical activity) to weight gain is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the association between baseline measurements of daily energy metabolism and weight changes by studying free-living adult Pima Indians, one of the most obese populations in the world. DESIGN: A study of the pathogenesis of obesity in the Pima Indians living in Southwestern Arizona. The participants were 92 nondiabetic Pima Indians (64M/28F, 35712 y, 3579% body fat; mean7s.d.). At baseline, free-living daily energy metabolism was assessed by doubly labeled water and resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry. Data on changes in body weight (5.876.5 kg) over a follow-up period of 473 y were available in 74 (49M/25F) of the 92 subjects. RESULTS: The baseline calculated total energy intake (r ¼ 0.25, P ¼ 0.028) and RMR (r ¼ À0.28, P ¼ 0.016) were significantly associated with changes in body weight. The baseline energy expenditure due to physical activity was not associated with changes in body weight. CONCLUSION: Using state-of-the-art methods to assess energy intake and expenditure in free-living conditions, we show for the first time that the baseline calculated total energy intake is a determinant of changes in body weight in Pima Indians. These data also confirm that a low RMR is a risk factor for weight gain in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: effect of energy intake vs expenditure

et al. 2003

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“…Using the food-frequency questionnaire method in 31 adult Pima Indians, correlation coef®cients between dieticians were better for EI and %EIC (0.76) than for %EIF (0.69) or %EIP (0.68). 43 In the Bogalusa Heart Study, duplicate 24 h recalls were collected by three dieticians in eighteen 10-y-old children. 44 Greater discrepancies in evaluating the amount of food consumed were displayed for chips, eggs, gravies, butter, meats and sweets, which could explain signi®cant differences between dieticians for EI and quantities of total fats and sugars in these children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5–11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Study)

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between adiposity indices and food intake in nonobese prepubertal freeliving children. SUBJECTS: Five-hundred and one children, 280 boys and 221 girls aged 5 ± 11 y in two little towns in northern France. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight, four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac), waist and hip girths, were measured. Sum of skinfolds (SSF), body mass index (BMI), and relative weight (RW) were calculated. Energy intake (EI), percentage of energy intake ascribed to carbohydrates (%EIC), complex carbohydrates (%EICC), fats (%EIF), saturated fats (%EISF) and proteins (%EIP) were assessed by a single 24 h record. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated according to Scho®eld's equations. Obese (RW 120%), and underreporting children according to Goldberg's and Black's equations were excluded. RESULTS: In multiple linear regressions analyses performed with hierarchical mixed models, adiposity indices were signi®cantly and inversely associated in girls with %EIC (all P-values`0.02), and positively with %EIF (all P-values 0.05, waist girth and BMI excepted). Similar but non-signi®cant trends were observed in boys. The relationships were not linear, and thresholds close to current dietary recommendations were highlighted. When %EIF was low, a lower percentage of energy intake ascribed to %EISF was associated with thinness. These associations remained after the exclusion of children who had an EIaBMR 1.50. CONCLUSIONS: In nonobese prepubertal children aged 5 ± 11 y, a high %EIC, close to dietary recommendations ( 55%), was associated with thinness. A high %EIF, over the upper dietary recommendation ( 35%), was associated with a greater adiposity thickness. There was no further increase in adiposity beyond this threshold. Reasons for the absence of a linear relationship pattern between adiposity and macronutrient intake remain to be determined.

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“…METHODS -An age-and sex-stratified sample of 575 Pima Indians aged 18 to 74 years underwent a dietary survey in 1988 (4). The present study included the 165 subjects (77 men and 88 women) who did not have diabetes at the time of the survey, as ascertained from glucose tolerance tests during a research examination within 1 year of the dietary assessment.…”

Section: Research Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-h food recall and a quantitative food frequency assessment, as previously described (4). Results of the quantitative food frequency assessment were used in this study because they correlate most closely with the total energy expenditure measured with the doubly labeled water method (15).…”

Section: Research Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity is strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes, and in the last century the Pima Indians have experienced a dramatic increase in the degree of obesity (1). Over the same period, the traditional Pima diet of grains, squash, melons, and legumes, supplemented by gathered desert plants (2,3), has evolved to a diet more typical of the U.S. diet (4). Among Australian Aborigines, urban dwellers typically consume a diet higher in fat and lower in fiber than their rural, more active, counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Indian or Anglo Dietary Preference on the Incidence of Diabetes in Pima Indians

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE -In short-term studies, adoption of a traditional diet is associated with reduction in metabolic abnormalities often found in populations experiencing rapid lifestyle changes. We examined the long-term effects of a self-assessed traditional or nontraditional dietary pattern on the development of type 2 diabetes in 165 nondiabetic Pima Indians.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Dietary intake was assessed in 1988 by a quantitative food frequency method, and subjects were asked to classify their diet as "Indian," "Anglo," or "mixed." The Indian diet reflects a preference for Sonoran-style and traditional desert foods. The Anglo diet reflects a preference for non-Sonoran-style foods typical of the remaining regions of the U.S.RESULTS -In women, the intake of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, insoluble fiber, vegetable proteins, and the proportion of total calories from complex carbohydrate and vegetable proteins were significantly higher (P Ͻ 0.05) in the Indian than in the Anglo diet. The mixed diet was intermediate in of all these constituents. In men, the intake for these nutrients was also higher in the Indian than in the Anglo group, but not significantly. Diabetes developed in 36 subjects (8 men and 28 women) during 6.2 years of follow-up (range 0.9 -10.9). The crude incidence rates of diabetes were 23, 35, and 63 cases per 1,000 person-years in the Indian, mixed, and Anglo groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and total energy intake in a proportional hazards model, the risk of developing diabetes in the Anglo-diet group was 2.5 times as high (95% CI 0.9 -7.2) and the rate in the mixed-diet group was 1.3 times as high (0.6 -3.3) as in the Indian-diet group.CONCLUSIONS -This study suggests that the adoption of an Anglo diet may increase the risk of developing diabetes in Pima Indians, but it does not provide unequivocal evidence for or against this hypothesis.

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Survey of the Diet of Pima Indians Using Quantitative Food Frequency Assessment and 24-Hour Recall

Cited by 68 publications

References 24 publications

Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: effect of energy intake vs expenditure

Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: effect of energy intake vs expenditure

Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5–11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Study)

The Effect of Indian or Anglo Dietary Preference on the Incidence of Diabetes in Pima Indians

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