Survey of Salmonella contamination of edible nut kernels on retail sale in the UK

Little, C. L.; Rawal, N.; Pinna, Elizabeth de; McLauchlin, James

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2009.08.003

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among CDC data, S . Senftenberg appears to be primarily associated with non-human clinical disease however, the organism has been associated with human illness and with a range of foods including fennel seed tea, nuts, herbs, baby cereal, poultry, and cattle and most recently spices [8,45,48-50,52] and appears to be emerging in plant and plant products [46,47,51]. One of the limitations of this study is that traits and characteristics of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella entericaSenftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS

et al. 2011

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BackgroundSalmonella species are recognized worldwide as a significant cause of human and animal disease. In this study the molecular profiles and characteristics of Salmonella enterica Senftenberg isolated from human cases of illness and those recovered from healthy or diagnostic cases in animals were assessed. Included in the study was a comparison with our own sequenced strain of S. Senfteberg recovered from production turkeys in North Dakota. Isolates examined in this study were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) panel which tested susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobial agents. The molecular profiles of all isolates were determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the sequence types of the strains were obtained using Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis based on amplification and sequence interrogation of seven housekeeping genes (aroC, dnaN, hemD, hisD, purE, sucA, and thrA). PFGE data was input into BioNumerics analysis software to generate a dendrogram of relatedness among the strains.ResultsThe study found 93 profiles among 98 S. Senftenberg isolates tested and there were primarily two sequence types associated with humans and animals (ST185 and ST14) with overlap observed in all host types suggesting that the distribution of S. Senftenberg sequence types is not host dependent. Antimicrobial resistance was observed among the animal strains, however no resistance was detected in human isolates suggesting that animal husbandry has a significant influence on the selection and promotion of antimicrobial resistance.ConclusionThe data demonstrates the circulation of at least two strain types in both animal and human health suggesting that S. Senftenberg is relatively homogeneous in its distribution. The data generated in this study could be used towards defining a pathotype for this serovar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella entericaSenftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS

et al. 2011

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“…Limited surveys and documented recalls indicate that Salmonella can also be found in other nuts (Little, Rawal, de Pinna, & McLauchlin, 2010;Palumbo, Beuchat, Danyluk, & Harris, 2011). The sources of such contamination in nuts and seeds are not known, but likely arise from the pre-harvest environment and are carried through during harvest and postharvest handling (Danyluk et al, 2008;Podolak et al, 2010;Uesugi, Danyluk, Mandrell, & Harris, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of salmonellosis from consumption of almonds in the North American market

Lambertini

Danyluk

Schaffner

et al. 2012

Food Research International

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“…Salmonellosis has been associated with consumption of contaminated almonds (8,20,22) and pine nuts (19), and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections have been associated with contaminated hazelnuts (9,25). These and other tree nuts have been reported to be occasionally contaminated with foodbome pathogens (8,10,14,15,23,24,30,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Sanitizers in Reducing Salmonella on Pecan Nutmeats during Cracking and Shelling

Beuchat

Mann

Alali

2013

Journal of Food Protection

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Studies were done to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine (200 to 1,000 μg/ml), lactic acid (0.5 to 2%), levulinic acid (0.5 to 2%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 0.05%), lactic acid plus SDS, levulinic acid plus SDS, and a mixed peroxyacid sanitizer (Tsunami 200, 40 and 80 μg/ml) in killing Salmonella on or in immersion- and on surface-inoculated pecan nutmeats (U.S. Department of Agriculture medium pieces and mammoth halves). The addition of SDS to treatment solutions containing lactic acid or levulinic acid resulted in generally higher reductions of Salmonella, but differences in these reductions were not always significant. Lactic and levulinic acids (2%) containing SDS (0.05%) were equivalent in killing Salmonella on immersion-inoculated nutmeats. Tsunami 200 (40 μg/ml) was less lethal or equivalent to 1 or 2% lactic and levulinic acids, with or without 0.05% SDS. Reductions did not exceed 1.1 log CFU/g of immersion-inoculated pieces and halves, regardless of sanitizer concentration or treatment time (up to 20 min). Reductions on surface-inoculated pieces and halves were 0.7 to 2.6 log CFU/g and 1.2 to 3.0 log CFU/g, respectively. Treatment with 2% lactic acid plus SDS (0.05%) and Tsunami (80 μg/ml) was most effective in killing Salmonella on surface-inoculated pieces; treatment of halves with chlorine (1,000 μg/ml) or lactic acid (1 or 2%), with or without SDS, was most efficacious. Exposure of immersion-inoculated pecan pieces to chlorine (200 μg/ml), lactic acid (2%) and levulinic acid (2%) with or without SDS, and Tsunami (80 μg/ml) during intermittent vacuum (18 ± 2 mbar) and ambient atmospheric pressure treatments for up to 20 min reduced Salmonella by only 0.1 to 1.0 log CFU/g. These studies emphasize the importance of preventing contamination of pecan nutmeats with Salmonella. Once nuts are contaminated, the lethality of sanitizers tested in this study is minimal.

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Survey of Salmonella contamination of edible nut kernels on retail sale in the UK

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella entericaSenftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS

Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella entericaSenftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS

Risk of salmonellosis from consumption of almonds in the North American market

Efficacy of Sanitizers in Reducing Salmonella on Pecan Nutmeats during Cracking and Shelling

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