Survey of Pathogens in Juvenile SalmonOncorhynchusSpp. Migrating through Pacific Northwest Estuaries

Nearshore ecosystem predictors of a bacterial infection in juvenile Chinook salmon

“…Efforts to control and reduce infection in hatcheries rely on antibiotic injections of broodstock and culling eggs from females with elevated levels of bacterial proteins in kidney tissue. Monitoring juvenile salmon during the freshwater phase has provided evidence that R. salmoninarum infection is endemic in Pacific Northwest watersheds (Sanders et al 1992, Pascho et al 1993, VanderKooi & Maule 1999, Arkoosh et al 2004. Less is known about the infection status in seawater (Meyers et al 1999, Bruno 2004, Rhodes et al 2006, especially during the early marine phase, a transition period between freshwater and ocean residence that is considered to be the most critical period in determining survival to adulthood (Pearcy 1992).…”

Interpreting dual ELISA and qPCR data for bacterial kidney disease of salmonids

“…Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) of salmonids is a persistent, often debilitating condition frequently observed among stocks of Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and sockeye salmon of the US Pacific Northwest and Alaska (Meyers et al 2003, Arkoosh et al 2004, Rhodes et al 2006. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been the diagnostic method of choice in regional hatcheries and captive broodstock programs for nearly 2 decades because of several desirable features.…”

Myxobolus arcticus and Parvicapsula minibicornis infections in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka following downstream migration in British Columbia

“…The bacterium has frequently been detected in juvenile Pacific salmon in fresh and coastal waters of the western USA (Sanders et al 1992, Arkoosh et al 2004, Van Gaest et al 2011, Sandell et al 2015. The mean prevalence of R. salmoninarum in juvenile Chinook salmon from 12 coastal locations ranged from 10 to 68% (Arkoosh et al 2004). At Alsea Bay, annual prevalence over 6 yr ranged from 0 to 44% (Arkoosh et al 2004).…”

“…In western North America, infections are widespread among Pacific salmon in fresh water and in the ocean (Banner et al 1986, Meyers et al 1993, Kent et al 1998 and also in cultured salmon (Evelyn 1993). The bacterium has frequently been detected in juvenile Pacific salmon in fresh and coastal waters of the western USA (Sanders et al 1992, Arkoosh et al 2004, Van Gaest et al 2011, Sandell et al 2015. The mean prevalence of R. salmoninarum in juvenile Chinook salmon from 12 coastal locations ranged from 10 to 68% (Arkoosh et al 2004).…”

“…The mean prevalence of R. salmoninarum in juvenile Chinook salmon from 12 coastal locations ranged from 10 to 68% (Arkoosh et al 2004). At Alsea Bay, annual prevalence over 6 yr ranged from 0 to 44% (Arkoosh et al 2004). Infection with R. salmoninarum has repeatedly been diagnosed in adult sockeye salmon returning to the Fraser River.…”