Survey of Measles Patterns in New Guinea, Micronesia and Australia

Adels, Barry R.; Gajdusek, D. Carleton

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120322

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since there was consistent, if not ideal, overall agreement between ELISA, ATLA, and immunoblotting, we felt confident that ELISA was adequate to identify populations with high and low prevalences of serum antibodies to HTLV-I, although not to attempt more sophisticated analyses such as those of household clustering [Kazura et aI., 19871. 19561968I979 1960197419791960Adels and Gajdusek, 1963Simmons et al, 1958Gajdusek et al, 1972Tesh et al, 1975Curtain et al, 1965Gajdusek et al, 1972 Adels andGajdusek, 1963;Curtain et al, 1965;Gajdusek et al, 1972 Coker-Vann et al, 198 Lang et al, 1977;Polynesian 95 1972Blake et al, 1983Lang et al, 1977;Polynesian 102 1972Blake et al, 1983Lang et al, 1977;Melanesian 88 1972Blake et al, 1983Lang et al, 1977;…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to HTLV‐I in populations of the southwestern Pacific

Asher

Goudsmit

Pomeroy

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sera collected from 1,102 individuals in 14 populations of the southwestern Pacific between 1956 and 1979 were tested by ELISA for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Selected sera were also tested by particle agglutination and immunoblotting. Six of the populations had prevalences of antibodies greater than 4%, two populations had prevalences greater than 15%. Six populations had antibody prevalences of 2% or less. Three populations from the coast and northern islands of New Guinea had high prevalences of antibodies, while three New Guinea highland groups had virtually none. One population from the Solomon Islands had a high prevalence, while two others had very low prevalences. Two populations from small remote islands in Vanuatu both had high prevalences. Pacific sera did not neutralize a standard strain of virus readily neutralized by Japanese, European, and American sera. We conclude that infections with HTLV-I, some acquired more than 20 years ago, are widespread throughout the southwestern Pacific, even in several very isolated populations, although others have been spared. Some strains of HTLV-I in populations of the Pacific may have substantially different envelope proteins from prototype strains of America, Europe, and Japan.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to HTLV‐I in populations of the southwestern Pacific

Asher

Goudsmit

Pomeroy

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 1 shows the weekly pattern of notifications. The noticeable periodicity, with a fall in the number of notifications in weeks 27, 32, 36, 41, 45, and 50, corresponding to weeks beginning 4 July, 8 August, 5 September, 10 October, 7 November, and 12 December, suggested that an accumulation of notifications were completed just after the end of each month.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic measles in Shetland during 1977 and 1978.

Macgregor¹,

MacDonald²,

Ingram³

et al. 1981

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During 1977 and1978 an unusual epidemic of measles occurred in Shetland, affecting 1032 (5%) of the population. All age groups were represented, and 309 cases occurred in people over 15. Geographical distribution of notified cases ranged from 1% to over one-third of the population aged under 65. All the recognised complications occurred, with a significant excess of respiratory troubles (p < 005). Complications were much less common in female patients (p < 0-05). Only abQut 30% of children under 5 had been vaccinated against the disease, and, based on a sample population, vaccination was found to have had a protective effect of 92%.On cost effectiveness alone, uptake of vaccination by a community as susceptible as that of Shetland should clearly be encouraged and probably given high priority. IntroductionVaccination against measles was introduced over a decade ago as a standard component of the nationally recommended vaccination schedule' for infants in Britain. In Scotland, however, the

show abstract

“…Whilst measles outbreaks continue to occur on Pacific Islands up to the present day, including the recent severe outbreak in Samoa in 2019 [ 7 , 11 ], they no longer display the extreme lethality of the first-contact outbreaks. Instead, they exhibit mortality rates similar to those seen globally [ 12 ]. Two explanations have so far been suggested for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme mortality during a historical measles outbreak on Rotuma is consistent with measles immunosuppression

Cant,

Shanks,

Keeling

et al. 2024

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Until the early twentieth century, populations on many Pacific Islands had never experienced measles. As travel to the Pacific Islands by Europeans became more common, the arrival of measles and other pathogens had devastating consequences. In 1911, Rotuma in Fiji was hit by a measles epidemic, which killed 13% of the island population. Detailed records show two mortality peaks, with individuals reported as dying solely from measles in the first and from measles and diarrhoea in the second. Measles is known to disrupt immune system function.Here, we investigate whether the pattern of mortality on Rotuma in 1911 was a consequence of the immunosuppressive effects of measles. We use a compartmental model to simulate measles infection and immunosuppression. Whilst immunosuppressed, we assume that individuals are vulnerable to dysfunctional reactions triggered by either (i) a newly introduced infectious agent arriving at the same time as measles or (ii) microbes already present in the population in a preexisting equilibrium state. We show that both forms of the immunosuppression model provide a plausible fit to the data and that the inclusion of immunosuppression in the model leads to more realistic estimates of measles epidemiological parameters than when immunosuppression is not included.

show abstract

Survey of Measles Patterns in New Guinea, Micronesia and Australia

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Antibodies to HTLV‐I in populations of the southwestern Pacific

Antibodies to HTLV‐I in populations of the southwestern Pacific

Epidemic measles in Shetland during 1977 and 1978.

Extreme mortality during a historical measles outbreak on Rotuma is consistent with measles immunosuppression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About