Survey of In Vitro Model Systems for Investigation of Key Cellular Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis

Ramji, Dipak Purshottam; Ismail, Alaa M.; Chen, Jing; Alradi, Fahad; Alawi, Sulaiman Al

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The identification of key pathways can also form the foundation of drug discovery programs to screen for potent agonists. More mechanistic insights can also be obtained using the full range of in vitro assays on all the different cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages, ECs, and SMCs [160]. Such assays include cell proliferation and migration, foam cell formation, inflammasome activation, endothelial cell dysfunction, and SMC phenotypic shift.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease

Alalawi,

Albalawi,

Ramji

2023

IJMS

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although current therapies, such as statins, have led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from ACVD, they are associated with considerable residual risk for the disease together with various adverse side effects. Natural compounds are generally well-tolerated; a major recent goal has been to harness their full potential in the prevention and treatment of ACVD, either alone or together with existing pharmacotherapies. Punicalagin (PC) is the main polyphenol present in pomegranates and pomegranate juice and demonstrates many beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. The objective of this review is to inform on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ACVD and the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of PC and its metabolites in the disease, including the attenuation of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, foam cell formation, and inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells together with the regulation of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Some of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PC and its metabolites are due to their strong radical-scavenging activities. PC and its metabolites also inhibit the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the promising findings that have emerged from numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, deeper mechanistic insights and large clinical trials are required to harness the full potential of PC and its metabolites in the prevention and treatment of ACVD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease

Alalawi,

Albalawi,

Ramji

2023

IJMS

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“…With the application of 3.0T high-field magnetic resonance instruments and the maturation of black-blood technology and multi-contrast sequence imaging technology, MRI offers further advantages to other imaging methods, providing greater aid for identifying plaque internal components and evaluation of plaque stability. Black-blood technology, the core technology of high-resolution MR examination of carotid plaque, can cover the duration of blood flow signal in the carotid artery lumen and the adipose tissue signal outside the carotid wall ( 21 ). This allows for clear visualization of the size and shape of carotid plaque, making it easier to distinguish different components in the plaque according to differences in signal intensity, such as LRNC, calcification, and IPH.…”

Section: Imaging Identification Of Vulnerable Carotid Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting vulnerable carotid plaque and its component characteristics: Progress in related imaging techniques

et al. 2022

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Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis are independent risk factors for acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Timely identification of vulnerable plaque can help prevent stroke and provide evidence for clinical treatment. Advanced invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and near-infrared spectroscopy can be employed to image and classify carotid atherosclerotic plaques to provide clinically relevant predictors used for patient risk stratification. This study compares existing clinical imaging methods, and the advantages and limitations of different imaging techniques for identifying vulnerable carotid plaque are reviewed to effectively prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases.

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Atherosclerotic Disease

Morrison

Sullivan

Aday

2023

Medical Clinics of North America

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Survey of In Vitro Model Systems for Investigation of Key Cellular Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 102 publications

The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease

The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease

Detecting vulnerable carotid plaque and its component characteristics: Progress in related imaging techniques

Atherosclerotic Disease

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